A psicologia do consumo de tabaco: uma revisão da literatura

Regina de Cássia Rondina¹, Clóvis Botelho², & R. Gorayeb¹

¹Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo – Brasil

²Faculdade de Ciências Médicas ISC-UFMT, Cuiabá, MT – Brasil

 

RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta um resumo da literatura sobre a relação entre perfil psicológico e consumo de tabaco nas últimas décadas. Estudos revelam que fumantes tendem a ser mais extrovertidos, ansiosos, tensos, impulsivos e com mais traços de neuroticismo, psicoticismo e histórico de desordens depressivas e traços de ansiedade, em relação a ex-fumantes e não-fumantes. Um corpo crescente de evidências sugere ainda que a prevalência de tabagismo é maior em portadores de quadros psicopatológicos, em especial a esquizofrenia. Contudo, essa relação não está completamente elucidada e ainda são necessários mais estudos, para comprovação dos resultados. O conhecimento acerca desse assunto, pode servir como suporte para o trabalho de profissionais da área de saúde, como médicos, psicólogos, fisioterapeutas (entre outros). A identificação de traços de personalidade que dificultam o abandono do hábito, pode subsidiar a elaboração e aperfeiçoamento de terapias, como técnicas de aconselhamento, por exemplo, no sentido de aumentar as possibilidades de êxito dos pacientes durante o tratamento e minimizar as recaídas. Além disso, o conhecimento sobre características de personalidade que favorecem a iniciação do consumo de tabaco, pode facilitar a elaboração e aperfeiçoamento dos programas profiláticos (educativo / preventivo) contra o início e progressão do tabagismo.

Palavras chave: Dependência, Nicotina, Personalidade, Tabagismo, Tratamento

 

 

The psychology of smoking: a review of the literature

ABSTRACT: The present study is a review of the literature concerning the relationship between psychological profile and smoking during the last decades. Studies have shown that smokers tend to be more extroverted, anxious, tense, impulsive, and present more traces of neuroticism, psychosis, a history of depressive disorders and traces of anxiety than ex-smokers and non-smokers. An increasing body of evidence even suggests that the prevalence of smoking is higher in subjects with psychopathological signs and symptoms, particularly subjects with schizophrenia. However, this relationship is still not completely understood and further studies are required to prove these results. An increased understanding of this subject can help the work of health professionals such as doctors, psychologists and physiotherapists, among others. The identification of personality traits that prevent individuals from giving up smoking may help in the elaboration and improvement of therapies, for example, counseling techniques, in order to increase the possibility of successful treatment and to minimize relapse. In addition, knowledge about personality characteristics that favor the initiation of smoking may facilitate the elaboration and improvement of prophylactic educational/preventive programs against the initiation and progression of smoking.

Key words: Addiction, Nicotine, Personality, Smoking, Treatment

 

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