Estudo de Validação do Questionário de Avaliação da Sobrecarga para Cuidadores Informais

Teresa Martins^*1, José Pais Ribeiro², & Carolina Garrett³

¹Escola Superior Enfermagem São João, Porto

²Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto

³Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade do Porto; Hospital de S. João, Porto

 

RESUMO: O Questionário de Avaliação da Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal (QASC)I é um instrumento construído para avaliar a sobrecarga física, emocional e social do cuidador informal (CI) de doentes com sequelas de AVC. O presente estudo descreve a construção e a determinação das características psicométricas deste instrumento. Através de uma amostra de conveniência foram estudados 210 CI e respectivos familiares alvo dos cuidados. Na maioria, estes CI eram do sexo feminino (88,1%), filhas ou esposas. Os sujeitos alvo dos cuidados (52,2% do sexo masculino) apresentavam dependência funcional em pelo menos uma actividade básica da vida diária, ou duas actividades instrumentais. Através da Análise de Componentes Principais, foram discriminados 7 factores, que explicam 59% da variância total: implicações na vida pessoal do CI; satisfação com o papel e com o familiar; reacção a exigências; sobrecarga emocional; suporte familiar; sobrecarga financeira e mecanismos de eficácia e de controlo. O QASCI apresenta uma boa consistência interna em 6 dos seus componentes (valores superiores a 0,70).

Palavras chave: Acidente Vascular Cerebral, Questionário de Avaliação da Sobrecarga para Cuidadores Informais, Sobrecarga do cuidador.

 

 

Caregiver Burden Questionnaire - Validation Study

ABSTRACT: The Questionário de Avaliação da Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal (QASCI) is a scale to assess stroke caregiver's physical, emotional and social strain. The present study describes the construction of the scale and the validation results. Through a convenience sample, 210 caregivers and their stroke relative's were studied. Most of these caregivers were female (88,1%), daughters or wives. The stroke survivors (52,2% are males) had functional dependence an at least a daily life basic activity, or two instrumental activities. Through the Principal Components Analysis, 7 factors were discriminated, that explain 59% of the total variance: implications in the personal life of caregiver; satisfaction with the paper and with the relative; reactions to demands; emotional overload; support family; financial overload and mechanisms of effectiveness and control. QASCI presented good reliability in 6 of their components (Cronbach's alpha>0,70).

Key words: Caregiver burden, Caregiver Burden Questionnaire, Stroke patients.

 

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text only available in PDF format.

 

 

REFERÊNCIAS

Anderson, C., Linto, J., & Stewart-Wynne, E. (1995). A population-based assessment of the impact and burden of caregiving for long-term stroke survivors. Stroke, 296, 843-849.         [ Links ]

Bowling, A. (1994). La medida de la salud: revisión de las escalas de medida de la calidade de vida. Barcelona: Masson SA

Braithwaite, V. (1992). Caregiving burden, making the concept scientifically useful and policy relevant. Research on Aging, 14(1), 3-27.

Braithwaite, V. (2000). Contextual or general stress outcomes. Making choices through caregiving appraisals. The Gerontologist, 40, 706-717.

Dennis, M., O'Rourke, S., Lewis, S., Sharpe, M., & Warlow, C. (1998). A quantitative study of the emotional outcome of people caring for stroke survivors. Stroke, 29, 1867-1872.

Elmståhl, S., Malmberg, B., & Annerstedt, L. (1996). Caregiver's burden of patients 3 years after stroke assessed by a novel caregiver burden scale. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 77, 177-182.

Endler, N.S., & Parker, J.D. (1990). Multidimensional assessment of coping: A critical evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(5), 844-854.

Esteban, B., Mateo, M.A, Izquierdo, M., & Munera, J. (1995). Ciencias psicosociales aplicadas a la salud. Madrid: Mc Graw-Hill.

Esteve, M., & Roca, J. (1997). Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud: Un nuevo parámetro a tener en cuenta. Medicina Clinica, 108, 458-459.

Gerritsen, J.C., & van der Ende P.C. (1994). The development of a care-giving burden scale. Age and Aging, 23, 483-491.

George, L.K., & Gwyther, L.P. (1986). Caregiver well-being: A multidimensional examination of family caregivers of demented adults. The Gerontologist, 26, 253-259.

Greene, J., Smith, R., Gardiner, M., & Timbury, G. (1982). Measuring behavioral disturbance of elderly demented patients in the community and its effects on relatives: A factor analytic study. Age and Ageing, 11, 121-126.

Kinnear, P.R., & Gray, C.D. (2000). SPSS for Windows: made simple- release 10. Department of Psychology, University of Aberdeen. UK: Psychology press Ltd, Publisher.

Kinney, J., & Stephens, M. (1989). Hassles and uplifts of giving care to a family member with dementia. Psychology and Aging, 4, 402-408.

Holbrook M. & Skilbeck, C. (1983). An activities index for use with stroke patients. Age and Ageing, 12, 166-170.

Holahan, C. & Moos, R.H. (1987). Personal and contextual determinants of coping strategies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(5), 946-955.

Hu, H.H., Chu, F.L., Chiang, B.N., Lan, C.F., Sheng, W.S., Lo, Y.K., Wong, W.J., & Luk, Y.O. (1998). Prevalence of stroke in Taiwan. Stroke, 20, 858-863.

John, R., Hennessy, C., Dyeson, T., & Garrett, M. (2001). Toward the conceptualisation and measurement of caregiver burden among pueblo Indian family caregivers. The Gerontologist, 41, 210-219.

Lawton, M., Kleban, M., Moss, M., Rovine, M., & Glicksman, A. (1989). Measuring caregiving appraisal, Journal of Gerontology: Psychological sciences, 44(3), 61-71.

Lawton, M., Moss, M., Kleban, M., Glicksman, A., & Rovine, M. (1991). A Tow-factor model of caregiving appraisal and psychological well-being. Journal of Gerontology, 46(4), 181-189.

Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1986). Estrés y procesos cognitivos. Barcelona, Martínez Roca, Biblioteca de psicología, psiquiatría y salud.

Lazarus, R. (1991). Emotion & adaptation. New York: Oxford University Press.

Martin, I., Paul, C., & Roncon, J. (2000). Estudo de adaptação e validação da escala de avaliação de cuidado informal. Psicologia, Saúde & Doenças, 1(1):3-9.

Moos, R.H. (1982). Coping with physical illness, 2: New perspectives. New York and London: Plenum Medical Book Company.

Novak, M. & Guest, C. (1989). Application of a multidimensional caregiver burden inventory. The Gerontologist, 29, 798-803.

Paúl, C. (1997). Lá para o fim da vida: Idosos, família e meio ambiente, Coimbra: Almedina.

Pearlin, L., Mullan,J., Semple, S., & Skaff, M. (1990). Caregiving and the stress process: an overview of concepts and their measure. The Gerontologist, 30(5), 583-594.

Pestana, M.H., & Gageiro, J.N. (2000). Análise de dados para ciências sociais: A complementaridade do SPSS (2ª ed.). Lisboa: Ed. Sílabo, Lda

Polit, D., & Hungler, B. (1997). Investigación científica en ciencias de la salud, Mexicana (5a ed). Mc Graw-Hill, Interamericana.

Poulshock, S., & Deimling, T. (1984). Families caring for elders in residence: Issues in the measurement of burden. Journal of Gerontology, 39, 230-239.

Reimer, W., Haan, R., Rijnders, P., Limburg, M., & van den Bos, G. (1998). The burden of caregiving in partners of long-term stroke survivors. Stroke, 29, 373-379.

Ribeiro, J.L. (1999). Investigação e avaliação em psicologia e saúde. Lisboa: Climépsi ed.

Robinson, B. (1983). Validation of a caregiver strain index. Journal of Gerontology, 3, 344-348.

Rubio,D., Ber-Weger, M., & Tebb, S. (1999). Assessing the validity and reliability of wellbeing and stress in family caregivers. Social Work Research, 23(1), 54-64.

Wade, D., & Collin, C (1988). The Barthel Index: A standart measure of physical disability? International Disability Studies, 10, 64-67.

Ware, J., & Sherbourne, C. (1992). The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), 1: Conceptual framework and item selection. Medical Care, 30, 473-483.

Ware, J., Snow, K., Kosinki, M., & Gandek, B. (1993). SF 36 Health Survey: Manual and Interpretation Guide. Boston Mass: Health Institute, New England Medical Center.

Weitzner, M., Jacobsen, P., Wagner, H., Friedland, J., & Cox, C. (1999). The caregiver quality of life index-cancer (CQOLC) scale: development and validation of an instrument to measure quality of life of the family caregiver of patients with cancer. Quality of Life Research, 8, 55-863.

Weuve, J., Boult, C., & Morishita, L. (2000). The effects of outpatient geriatric evaluation and management on caregiver burden. The Gerontologist, 40(4), 429-436.

Whitlatch, C., Schur, D., Noelker, L., Ejaz, F., & Looman, W. (2001). The stress process of family caregiving in institutional settings. The Gerontologist, 41(4), 462-473.

Wilkinson, P., Wolfe, C., Warburton, F., Rudd, A., Howard, R., Ross-Russell, R., & Beech, R. (1997). A long-term follow-up of stroke patients. Stroke, 28, 507-512.

Zigmond, A., & Snaith, R. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica. Scandinavica, 67, 361-370.

 

 

*Contactar para E-mail: teresam@esenf.pt