Impacto do coping proactivo, do distress emocional e da auto-estima na funcionalidade e qualidade de vida de pessoas com esquizofrenia

 

Diana Salgado¹, Nuno Rocha^1,2 & António Marques^1,2

¹Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto; ²Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto

 

RESUMO: Este estudo teve como objectivos verificar a relação do coping proactivo, do distress emocional e da auto-estima com diferentes domínios de funcionalidade e qualidade de vida de pessoas com Esquizofrenia. Para tal, 23 pessoas com Esquizofrenia foram avaliadas nos domínios considerados fundamentais para a consecução do estudo com recurso à seguinte bateria de testes: Instrumento de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde (WHOQOL-Bref), Life Skills Profile, Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI), Escalas de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress (EADS) e Escala de Auto-estima de Rosenberg. Verificou-se que os domínios de coping que mais se correlacionaram com as diferentes variáveis funcionais e de qualidade de vida foram o coping proactivo, o coping reflexivo, o planeamento estratégico e o coping preventivo. Não foi encontrada nenhuma correlação significativa com o coping de evitamento. Em geral não se encontraram correlações significativas no caso dos sintomas de distress emocional, com excepção da depressão que se encontrou correlacionada com as competências de comunicação e com a qualidade de vida no domínio das Relações Sociais, e do stress que se correlacionou significativamente com o domínio Psicológico de qualidade de vida. A auto-estima apresentou-se mais correlacionada com a percepção subjectiva de qualidade de vida do que os indicadores mais objectivos de funcionalidade.

Palavraschave: Coping proactivo, Funcionalidade, Qualidade de vida, Esquizofrenia, Distress emocional, Autoestima.

 

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to examine the relative associations between proactive coping skills, emotional distress, selfesteem, functioning and quality of life among persons diagnosed with schizophrenia. Twenty three persons diagnosed with Schizophrenia were assessed with the following instruments: Quality of Life Scale from the World Health Organization, Life Skills Profile, Proactive Coping Inventory, Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Through correlative analysis we found that proactive coping, reflective coping, strategic planning and preventive coping correlated positively with different dimensions of functioning and quality of life. Avoidant coping wasn’t correlated with any functional outcome. We also didn’t found significant correlations between distress symptoms, functioning and quality of life, excepting depressive symptoms, which were correlated with communication skills and social relationships, and stress symptoms, which significantly correlated with the Psychological domain of quality of life. Self-esteem was positively associated with several domains of quality of life but not with objective dimensions of functioning.

Key words: Proactive coping, Functioning, Quality of life, Schizophrenia, Emotional distress, Self-esteem.

 

 

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Recebido em 27 de Março de 2008 / aceite em 18 de Abril de 2008

 

1 Contactar para Email: nrocha@estsp.ipp.pt