Variação sazonal na actividade física e nas práticas de lazer de adolescentes portugueses.

 

M. Paula Santos*

Helena Gomes

José C. Ribeiro

Jorge Mota

 

Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, Centro de Investigação em Actividade Física, Saúde e Lazer, Portugal.

 

 

RESUMO

A compreensão dos factores que condicionam e influenciam a actividade física dos jovens é particularmente relevante, pois permite a identificação dos atributos pessoais, dos sistemas sociais e do envolvimento que estão associados aos comportamentos activos. O objectivo do presente trabalho foi o de verificar a variação sazonal na actividade física e nas práticas de lazer dos adolescentes. A amostra foi constituída por 444 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 18 anos. A actividade física e as actividades de lazer dos alunos foram avaliadas duas vezes durante o mesmo ano lectivo, em períodos sazonais distintos, através de um questionário (Telama et al.; Cloes et al.). Os principais resultados revelam que as raparigas são mais activas durante a primavera/verão do que durante o período de outono/inverno. As actividades organizadas ou de competição mais frequentemente referidas são o “futebol” entre os rapazes e a “ginástica” entre as raparigas. Apenas os mais novos referem maior participação nestas actividades durante o período de primavera/verão. Entre as actividades não organizadas “andar de bicicleta” é a mais escolhida por rapazes e raparigas ao longo de todo o ano. A segunda actividade não organizada preferida pelos rapazes é “jogar futebol” mas entre as raparigas tais escolhas parecem mais diversificadas, uma vez que “jogar futebol” e “correr” são actividades com alguma popularidade. A participação em actividades não organizadas ocorre com maior frequência, independentemente do sexo, grupo etário ou período sazonal.

Palavras-chave: actividade física, adolescentes, lazer, estações do ano.

 

ABSTRACT

Seasonal variations in Portuguese adolescents’ physical activity and leisure-time activities.

Understanding factors that influence adolescents’ physical activity is particularly important because it allows the identification of the personal attributes, social systems and the environment that are related to the active behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine the seasonal variation in adolescent’s physical activity and in leisure-time activities. The sample comprised 444 adolescents of both sexes, aged between 12 and 18 years old. Physical activity and leisure-time activities were assessed by questionnaire (Telama et al.; Cloes et al.) at two different times in the same school year. The main results showed that girls are more active during spring/summer than during fall/winter period. Organized activities that were more frequently reported were "soccer" among boys and "gymnastics" among girls. Youngsters reported greater participation in these activities during spring/summer time. Non-organized physical activities had higher frequencies of participation, independently of sex, age group or the seasonal period.

Key Words: adolescents, physical activity, leisure time, seasons.

 

 

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CORRESPONDÊNCIA

*Maria Paula Santos

Centro de Investigação em Actividade Física, Saúde e Lazer

Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física

Universidade do Porto

Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91

4200 – 450 Porto

Portugal

msantos@fcdef.up.pt