Influência da aplicação de um programa de estiramentos estáticos, após contracções excêntricas, nas manifestações clínicas e bioquímicas de lesão muscular esquelética

 

R. Torres¹

P. Carvalho²

J.A. Duarte³

 

¹ Instituto Politécnico da Saúde Norte, Escola Superior de Saúde de Vale do Sousa, Departamento de Fisioterapia.

² Centro de Medicina Desportiva do Norte.

³ Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Desporto, CIAFEL, Portugal.

 

RESUMO

Este estudo teve como objectivos determinar se o estiramento estático do músculo quadriceps, (i) por si só, induz agressão no músculo íntegro, e se (ii) efectuado após o exercício físico agrava as manifestações clínicas e bioquímicas da agressão muscular. Vinte e sete sujeitos jovens do sexo masculino, sedentários, foram divididos por 3 grupos e submetidos: Grupo 1 - a um programa de estiramentos estáticos; Grupo 2 - a um programa de contracções excêntricas; e Grupo 3 - a um programa de contracções excêntricas (idêntico ao Grupo 2) seguido por um programa de estiramentos (idêntico ao Grupo 1). Foram avaliados parâmetros clínicos e bioquímicos imediatamente antes do exercício e 1, 24, 48, 72, 96 horas após. A avaliação clínica compreendeu a quantificação da dor à palpação, da circunferência da coxa, do Peak Torque Excêntrico Máximo. A avaliação bioquímica compreendeu a quantificação da actividade plasmática da Creatina Kinase e da Transaminase Glutâmica Oxaloacética. Não foram observadas alterações clínicas ou bioquímicas, ao longo do tempo, no grupo submetido unicamente ao programa de estiramento; observou-se, ainda, que as manifestações de lesão muscular foram idênticas para o grupo 2 e grupo 3. Em conclusão, o estiramento estático, por si só, não parece induzir agressão muscular esquelética no quadriceps íntegro e, quando realizado neste músculo após a agressão pelo exercício excêntrico, não parece agravar as manifestações clínicas e bioquímicas da miopatia do exercício.

Palavras-chave: exercício excêntrico, estiramento estático, agressão muscular, miopatia do exercício, desconforto muscular.

 

ABSTRACT

Effects of a static stretching program on clinical and biochemical markers of muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise.

The aims of this study were to determine if the quadriceps static stretching, (i) alone, induces aggression in the integral muscle, and if (ii) done after physical exercise, intensifies the muscular aggression clinical and biochemical manifestations. Twenty-seven young sedentary male subjects were divided in three groups. A protocol of static stretching was applied to group 1; a protocol of eccentric contractions was applied to group 2, while group 3 followed a protocol consisting of eccentric contractions (similar to the one performed by group 2) and stretching (identical to group 1). Clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated immediately before and 1, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after exercise. The clinical evaluation included the quantification of pain induced by palpation, thigh girth, and Eccentric Maximal Peak Torque determination. The biochemical evaluation consisted on the quantification of plasmatic kinase creatine and oxaloacetic glutamic transaminase activities. No clinical or biochemical alterations were observed during the time in the group that only followed the stretching protocol. The muscular damage was identical in group 2 and group 3. Concluding, static stretching by itself does not seem to induce a skeletal muscular aggression in an integral quadriceps. When applied in this muscle after the aggression caused by eccentric exercise, it does not seem to intensify exercise miopathy clinical and biochemical manifestations.

Key Words: eccentric exercise, static stretching, muscular aggression, exercise miopathy, muscle soreness.

 

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CORRESPONDÊNCIA

Rui Manuel Torres

Departamento de Fisioterapia

Escola Superior de Saúde de Vale do Sousa,

Instituto Politécnico da Saúde Norte,

Rua Central de Gandra, 1317

4585-116 Gandra PRD

Portugal

rui.torres@ipsn.cespu.pt