Alterações no funcionamento do sistema de controle postural de idosos. Uso da informação visual.

 

Paulo Freitas Júnior

José A. Barela

 

Universidade Estadual Paulista

Departamento de Educação Física, Instituto de Biociências

Laboratório para Estudos do Movimento, Rio Claro, Brasil.

 

RESUMO

Com o avanço da idade, os seres humanos apresentam alterações no controle postural. Tais alterações têm sido consideradas ocorrer em função da diminuição da capacidade dos sistemas sensoriais em fornecer informações e do sistema motor em produzir ações motoras adequadas para manter o corpo equilibrado e em uma posição desejada. Estas alterações levariam a uma diminuição no desempenho do sistema de controle postural e estariam associadas ao aumento da incidência de quedas em idosos. Todavia, essa relação entre alterações sensoriais e motoras e a diminuição no desempenho do sistema de controle postural ainda não é bem compreendida. E, mais importante, os maiores problemas para o funcionamento do sistema de controle postural poderiam não estar associados a alterações em cada um desses sistemas, mas sim, poderiam estar relacionados a alterações no relacionamento entre informação sensorial e ação motora, que ocorrem em idosos. Assim, este trabalho de revisão visa apresentar e discutir os principais aspectos do controle postural, com ênfase no relacionamento entre informação visual e ação motora, e como estes aspectos podem auxiliar o entendimento das alterações observadas no controle postural em idosos.

Palavras-chave: controle postural, equilíbrio, envelhecimento, acoplamento percepção-ação, idosos, sala móvel.

 

ABSTRACT

Changes in Elderly Postural Control System Functioning. Use of Visual Information.

Aging process has led human beings to exhibit changes in postural control. Such changes have been considered to occur due to problems in the sensory systems to provide information about body position on space, and also to problems in the motor system to produce adequate and coordinate muscle activation to maintain the body in a desirable position. These changes would lead elderly people to decline their performance in postural control and would be associated to the increase of incidence in falls of this population. However, this relationship between sensory and motor changes, and the decrease of the performance in postural control  is poorly understood; more important, functioning problems of the postural control system would not be related to changes on each one of these systems. It could be related with changes in the relationship between sensory information and motor action in elderly people during the maintenance of the upright stance. Thus, the purposes of this paper are to present and to argue main aspects related to postural control, with emphasis in the relationship between visual information and motor action, and how these aspects can help us to understand the changes observed in the postural control in elderly people.

Key Words: postural control, equilibrium, aging, perception-action coupling, elderly, moving room.

 

 

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CORRESPONDÊNCIA

José Angelo Barela

Laboratório para Estudos do Movimento

Universidade Estadual Paulista - IB

Departamento de Educação Física

Av. 24 a, 1515

13506-900 Rio Claro, SP

BRASIL

jbarela@rc.unesp.br