Alterações imunológicas e antropométricas induzidas por uma ultramaratona em Kayak. Um estudo de caso.

 

J. A. Rodrigues dos Santos ¹

J. Candeias ²

M.C. Magalhães ²

¹ Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Desporto, Portugal.

² Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital de S. João, Porto, Portugal.

 

RESUMO

Replicando um estudo anterior com o mesmo canoísta veterano, foram analisados, no sangue periférico, os valores de várias células da função imune, bem como algumas medidas antropométricas, antes e um, cinco e dez dias após uma ultramaratona (UM) em Kayak. As amostras sanguíneas foram obtidas em jejum, às 9 horas da manhã e, pelo menos, mais de 12 horas após o último momento de esforço. Foram medidos o número de leucócitos e o número e percentagens de linfócitos, monócitos, neutrófilos, eosinófilos e basófilos. Por citometria de fluxo foram identificados as seguintes subséries linfocitárias (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+/CD56+, CD19+), ratio CD4+/CD8+, CD3+aß, CD3+?d, e os marcadores de activação (CD25+, CD94+ e HLA-DR), bem como as células “naive” (CD45RA+) e “memória” (CD45RO+). As alterações mais significativas após a UM incidiram na redução das células CD4+CD45RA+ (-14.8%), CD94+ (-40%), da ratio CD4+/CD8+ (-15.7%) e no aumento das CD4+CD25+ (28%), CD8+ (19%), CD8+CD25+ (36%), CD25+ (29%). Com excepção das células totais CD25+, cujos valores se mantiveram elevados, e das células NK, em que se acentuou a depressão pós-esforço (-13.6%), ao 10º dia após esforço todos os valores de partida foram recuperados e por vezes ultrapassados. Verificou-se uma redução significativa do peso corporal a expensas da redução da percentagem da massa gorda, o que indica um balanço energético negativo no decurso da UM. A evolução dos indicadores imunológicos, neste estudo, indicia uma boa capacidade adaptativa do sujeito a este tipo de esforços. As alterações provocadas pela UM parecem ter um carácter transitório e não se exprimiram por qualquer crise infecciosa das vias respiratórias superiores em todo o tempo do estudo.

Palavras-chave: ultramaratona, canoagem, sistema imune, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+/CD56+, CD19+, HLA-DR, CD25+, CD94+, CD45RA+, CD45RO+.

 

ABSTRACT

Immunological and antropometric changes induced by an ultramarathon in kayak. A case study.

This study, replicating a former study with the same master paddler, investigated the changes on the immune system, as well as some anthropometric indicators, before, and one, five, and ten days after an ultramarathon in kayak. The blood samples were collected in fasting state, at 9 a.m., at least 12 hours after the last exertion. The number of leukocytes and the number and percent of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils were assessed. By flow citometry, the following lymphocytes subsets were identified and assessed: CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+/CD56+, CD19+, ratio CD4+/CD8+, CD3+aß, CD3+?d, the activation markers (CD25+, CD94+ e HLA-DR), as well as the “naive” (CD45RA+) and “memory” (CD45RO+) cells. The most significant changes after the ultramarathon indicated the decrease of CD4+CD45RA+ (-14.8%), CD94+ (-40%), CD4+/CD8+ ratio (-15.7%) and the increase of CD4+CD25+ (28%), CD8+ (19%), CD8+CD25+ (36%), CD25+ (29%). Total CD25+ cells increase verified after exertion was sustained during the recovery period. The slight depression of the NK cells verified after the ultramarathon, was more pronounced (-13.6%) at the 10th day of recovery. The other cells, at the 10th of recovery, returned or overpassed the basal values. A significant reduction of the body weight was verified supported by the concurrent reduction of the fat mass, what suggest a negative energetic balance during the ultramarathon. The evolution of the immunological indicators during the study indicated good adaptative capacity of the subject to this kind of exertion. The changes induced by the ultramarathon seem be transitory and didn’t trigger any upper respiratory tract infection during the time of exertion or recovery days.

Key-Words: ultramarathon, canoeing, immune system, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+/CD56+, CD19+, HLA-DR, CD25+, CD94+, CD45RA+, CD45RO+.

 

 

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CORRESPONDÊNCIA

José Augusto Rodrigues dos Santos

Faculdade de Desporto

Universidade do Porto

Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91

4200-450 Porto

Portugal

jaugusto@fcdef.up.pt