Efeito da idade cronológica na distribuição dos futebolistas por escalões de formação e pelas diferentes posições especificas.

 

H.A. Folgado¹

P.F.Caixinha¹

J.Sampaio²

V.Maçãs²

¹ Comissão Instaladora dos Ensinos na Área da Saúde e do Bem Estar, Universidade de Évora, Portugal

² Departamento de Desporto, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal

 

RESUMO

Este estudo pretende analisar a distribuição das datas de nascimento de jogadores de Futebol em função do escalão competitivo e das suas posições específicas. Os jogadores (n=188) pertenciam na época 2004/2005 à Associação de Futebol de Lisboa e foram divididos pelos respectivos escalões competitivos: Escolas (n=26), Infantis (n=39), Iniciados (n=43), Juvenis (n=39), Juniores (n=21) e Seniores B (n=20) e pelas posições que ocupam dentro de campo: Guarda-Redes (n=24), Defesas (n=51), Médios (n=70) e Avançados (n=43). As datas de nascimento dos jogadores foram distribuídas por trimestre. A distribuição da população total e de cada grupo (por escalão e por posição) foi testada através do teste do Qui-Quadrado. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na distribuição da população total, nos escalões de Infantis, Iniciados e Juvenis e nas posições de Defesas e Médios, revelando uma tendência para os jogadores destes grupos apresentarem datas de nascimento mais próximas do início do ano de selecção. Estes resultados sugerem uma influência da data de nascimento na identificação e selecção de jovens jogadores talentos.

Palavras-chave: futebol, idade cronológica, talentos, jovens

 

ABSTRACT

Relative age effects among youth soccer players according to playing positions.

This study analysed the distribution of the birthdates from soccer players according to each player’s age-group and specific position on the field. The players from the Lisbon Soccer Association (n=188) were divided into their age-groups during the 2004/2005 season: Under 8s (n=26), Under 11s (n=39), Under 13s (n=43), Under 15s (n=39), Under 18s (n=21) and the Reserve Team (n=20) and according to their specific positions on the field: Goalkeepers (n=24), Defenders (n=51), Midfielders (n=70) and Forwards (n=43). Each player’s birth date was analysed and classified by trimesters. The distribution of all the players and of each group (in level and position) was compared through Chi-Square. Significant differences were found in the distribution of the total group, in the Under 11s, Under 13s and Under 15s levels, and among Defenders and Midfielders, revealing that the players from these groups tend to be born near the beginning of the selection year. These results suggest that the time of year when a player is born has some influence on the identification and selection of talented young players.

Key-words: soccer, chronological age, talent, youth

 

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