Estudo da relação entre variáveis fisiológicas, biomecânicas e o rendimento de corredores portugueses de 3000 metros

 

José A. Bragada

Tiago M. Barbosa

Departamento de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física

Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Portugal

 

Resumo

O objectivo do presente estudo foi investigar as relações entre o perfil fisiológico, a resposta biomecânica e o rendimento desportivo de corredores de meio-fundo portugueses. Dezoito atletas foram submetidos a um protocolo incremental de 5 patamares de 3 minutos em tapete rolante sem qualquer inclinação. Em cada patamar a velocidade foi constante e os incrementos foram de 1,45 km^.h^-1. Durante todo o protocolo, o consumo de oxigénio e outros parâmetros bioenergéticos foram avaliados respiração-a-respiração através de oximetria directa. Foram calculadas a potência metabólica (Pmet), o custo energético (C), a velocidade de deslocamento (v), a frequência gestual (FG) e a distância de ciclo (DC). Foi determinado em prova oficial (corrida de 3000 metros) o rendimento desportivo. Verificou-se uma relação positiva e significativa entre a Pmet e a v (R²=0,78; p<0,01). As relações entre o C e a FG ou a DC não foram significativas. A relação entre a v e a FG (R²=0,34; p<0,01) e entre a v e a DC (R2=0,87; p<0,01) foram positivas e significativas. Verificou-se uma relação significativa entre o rendimento e a Pmet a 16 km.h^-1 (R²=0,23; p=0,05). Em conclusão, verifica-se uma dependência moderada do rendimento dos meio-fundistas portugueses relativamente ao seu perfil fisiológico e este de forma ténue face à resposta biomecânica.

Palavras-chave: Atletismo, rendimento, custo energético, distância de ciclo, frequência gestual, velocidade

 

 

Abstract

Study the relationships between physiological profile, biomechanical behaviour and performance of middle-distance Portuguese runners

The aim of this investigation was to study the relationships between physiological profile, biomechanical behaviour and performance of middle-distance Portuguese runners. Eighteen runners were submitted to an incremental protocol of 5 trials of 3 minutes in treadmill without inclination. At each step, velocity was constant and between steps velocity increased by 1,45 km^.h^-1. Through the protocol, oxygen up-take and other bioenergetical parameters were evaluated breath-by-breath with direct oximetry. It was measured the metabolic power (Pmet), the energy cost (C), the running velocity (v), the stride frequency (FG) and the stride distance (DC). It was also recorded the performance in official competition (3.000-m event). It was verified a significant and positive relationship between Pmet and v (R²=0,78; P<0,01). The relationships between C and FG or DC were no-significant. The relationships between v and FG (R²=0,34; p<0,01), as well as, between v and DC (R2=0,87; p<0,01) were statistically significant and positive. It was observed a significant relationship between performance and Pmet at 16 km.h^-1 (R²=0,23; p=0,05). In conclusion, for portuguese middle-distance runners, it seems to exist a moderate dependence of performance from physiological profile and this one, from the biomechanical behaviour.

Key-words: running, performance, energy cost, gait length, gait frequency, velocity

 

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Correspondência

Tiago M. Barbosa

Instituto Politécnico de Bragança

Departamento de Ciências do Desporto e Educação Física

Campus de Sta. Apolónia, Apartado 1101

5301-856 Bragança, Portugal.

e-mail: barbosa@ipb.pt