Resposta hemodinâmica aguda a uma sessão de exercício físico multicomponente em idosos

 

Joana Carvalho

Elisa Marques

Jorge Mota

 

Centro de Investigação em Actividade Física, Saúde e Lazer (CIAFEL)

Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Portugal

 

 

RESUMO

O presente estudo pretendeu analisar o efeito de uma sessão multicomponente de exercício na resposta aguda da pressão arterial e frequência cardíaca em idosos, bem como identificar a secção da aula que induz maior stress cardiovascular.

Foram avaliados 27 idosos voluntários do sexo feminino (70,6 ±5,9 anos; 63,5 ±6,2 Kg; 155,5 ±6,4m) em sessões de treino multicomponente que incluíram um período de aquecimento, exercícios aeróbios, de força, de coordenação, de equilíbrio e um período de relaxamento/ flexibilidade.

A resposta aguda às diferentes componentes da sessão foi avaliada, quer através da monitorização contínua da frequência cardíaca mediante a utilização de um cardiofrequencímetro portátil, quer através da determinação dos valores da pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, avaliados num esfignomanómetro digital.

Os resultados demonstraram que a intensidade do esforço durante sessões multicomponente de exercício, é fisiologicamente segura e equilibrada e suficientemente elevada para induzir possíveis adaptações no sistema cardiovascular. Por outro lado, as maiores elevações, da pressão arterial e da frequência cardíaca, foram registadas durante o trabalho aeróbio que envolveu a participação de grandes grupos musculares.

Este estudo sugere que este tipo de protocolo de treino generalizado pode ser realizado com elevada tolerância por idosos saudáveis. Para além disso, este trabalho mostra uma resposta hemodinâmica mais intensa durante a realização de exercícios aeróbios.

 Palavras-chave: envelhecimento, exercício, pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca

 

 

ABSTRACT

Acute hemodynamic response during a session of multicomponent exercise in older adults

 The aim of the present study was to examine the acute response to a multicomponent session and to identify the specific part of the exercise protocol that induces the major cardiovascular stress. Twenty-seven healthy elderly women (70,6±5,9 years; 63,5±6,2 kg; 155,5±6,4m) were evaluated during a multicomponent training session that included a warm-up, aerobic, strength, balance and coordination exercises and cool-down with stretching exercises.

Acute response was evaluated both by measuring heart rate continuously (Polar Vantage NV) during the session and by measuring systolic and diastolic blood pressure with an electronic sphygmomanometer.

Data showed that the intensity of the effort during multicomponent training was physiologically safe, performed with an adequate intensity of effort that can induce possible adaptations in the cardiovascular system. On the other hand, the major increase, in heart rate and blood pressure, was observed during the aerobic exercises that involved the participation of larger muscular mass.

Results of the present study suggest that, if appropriate techniques are considered, this type of generalized programs can be performed by healthy older subjects. Moreover, the data confirm a higher, but safe, cardiovascular acute response induced by aerobic exercises.

Key-words: aging, exercise, blood pressure, heart rate

 

 

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CORRESPONDÊNCIA

Joana Carvalho

FADEUP

R. Plácido Costa, 91

4200-450 Porto, Portugal

Telefone: 351-22-5074785

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e-mail: jcarvalho@fade.up.pt