Associação do envolvimento à actividade física e à aptidão em jovens madeirenses

 

Elisa C. Ramos ¹

Duarte L. Freitas ²

José A. Maia ³

Gaston P. Beunen ⁴

Albrecht L. Claessens ⁴

Élvio R Gouveia ²

António T. Marques ³

Martine A. Thomis ⁴

Johan A. Lefevre ⁴

¹ Secretaria Regional de Educação e Cultura, Gabinete Coordenador do Desporto Escolar, Portugal

² Departamento de Educação Física e Desporto, Universidade da Madeira, Portugal

³ Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Desporto, Portugal

⁴ Department of Sport and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Bélgica

 

Resumo

O objectivo central do presente estudo consistiu em investigar a associação do meio (urbano, semi-urbano e rural) à actividade física e à aptidão na criança e no adolescente madeirense.

A amostra foi constituída por 1498 sujeitos, 758 rapazes e 740 raparigas, que participaram no ‘Estudo de Crescimento da Madeira’. A actividade física e a aptidão foram avaliadas através do questionário de Baecke e da bateria de testes motores Eurofit, respectivamente.

As crianças e adolescentes madeirenses do meio urbano apresentaram valores mais elevados de prática regular e sistemática de um ou mais desportos. Os resultados para as componentes da aptidão física não favorecem um único meio sócio-geográfico. Os rapazes do meio urbano e/ou semi-urbano foram mais proficientes na flexibilidade, força e resistência muscular, e potência, enquanto os rapazes rurais apresentaram melhores resultados na resistência aeróbia, força estática, e velocidade/agilidade. As raparigas do meio urbano e/ou semi-urbano apresentaram melhores resultados na velocidade/agilidade, enquanto as raparigas do meio rural foram mais proficientes na força estática e na força e resistência muscular.

A eliminação dos diferenciais negativos na actividade física e na aptidão associados ao meio sócio-geográfico irá resultar numa melhor saúde das crianças e adolescentes madeirenses.

Palavras-chave: actividade física, aptidão física, envolvimento, crianças, Portugal

 

Abstract

Environmental correlates of physical activity and fitness in youngsters from Madeira

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the area of residence (urban, semi-urban and rural) and physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents from Madeira island.

The sample included 1498 participants, 758 boys and 740 girls, of the ‘Madeira Growth Study’. Physical activity was assessed by means of a questionnaire and physical fitness was measured with the Eurofit test battery.

Children and adolescents from urban areas showed higher values in regular sports and activities. Results for physical fitness do not favour one socio-geographic group. Boys from urban and semi-urban area’s performed significantly better for flexibility, upper body muscular endurance, abdominal strength and power, whereas boys from the rural area performed better for aerobic endurance, static strength, running speed, agility and balance. Girls from urban and semi-urban area’s obtained better results for running speed and agility, whereas girls from rural area performed better for static strength and upper body muscular endurance.

Programmes aimed at the elimination of urban-rural differences in physical activity and fitness, associated to socio-geographic area, should focus on increasing specific fitness levels, which might result in improved health conditions of children and adolescents living in Madeira.

Key-words: physical activity, physical fitness, environment, children, Portugal

 

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CORREPONDÊNCIA

Duarte Luís de Freitas

Universidade da Madeira, Departamento de Educação Física e Desporto

Campus Universitário da Penteada

9000-390 Funchal

Portugal-Madeira

Tel.291 705332 Fax.291 705339

E-mail:dfreitas@uma.pt