Tratamento endovascular do aneurisma da aorta abdominal em contexto de urgência – experiência do Serviço de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular do Hospital de Santa Marta

 

Gonçalo R. Alves, Leonor Vasconcelos, Hugo Rodrigues, Sérgio Eufrásio, Frederico Gonçalves, João S. Castro, Maria E. Ferreira, João A. Castro, Luís M. Capitão

Serviço de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central Av. Miguel Torga nº 8 2ºB 1070 Lisboa; gralves@megamail.pt/gralves@yahoo.com

 

|RESUMO|

Objectivos: O tratamento endovascular de aneurismas da aorta abdominal é uma alternativa à intervenção cirúrgica convencional, aplicável no contexto de urgência. Em casos anatomicamente favoráveis parece existir uma vantagem significativa a curto e médio prazo, pese embora uma maior taxa de re-intervenções.

Material e Métodos: Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva dos registos de procedimentos endovasculares na aorta abdominal em contexto de urgência, desde o ano de 2004. Analisaram-se um total de 47 doentes, dos quais em 4 a técnica revelou-se inexequível. O tempo médio de follow-up foi de 28,5 meses (1 a 60 meses).

Resultados: Verificou-se sucesso técnico em 91% dos casos (43/47). Registou-se uma taxa de mortalidade aos 30 dias de 19% (8/43) nos doentes tratados, e de 23% (11/47) com base na intenção de tratar. Dos doentes tratados, 18 apresentavam-se sintomáticos, 25 com rotura estável e 4 com rotura de aneurisma da aorta abdominal hemodinamicamente instável documentada por tomografia computorizada abdominal. O seguimento destes doentes revelou um caso de endoleak tipo I proximal, tratado cirurgicamente através da colocação de um cuff proximal e dois casos de endoleak tipo II que não se associaram a crescimento do aneurisma, pelo que se optou pelo acompanhamento seriado sem tratamento até à data.

Conclusões: Os autores concluem que a experiência institucional com o tratamento endovascular do aneurisma da aorta abdominal em contexto de urgência é favorável, comparando-se aos resultados publicados em grandes séries. A menor mortalidade e morbilidade associada ao procedimento permite tratar um maior espectro de doentes. O seguimento é fundamental para uma atempada detecção e correcção de complicações.

Palavras-chave: Aorta abdominal, endovascular, aneurisma, rotura

 

Urgent endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm – experience of Hospital Santa Marta

|ABSTRACT|

Objectives: The endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms is an alternative to surgical intervention, applicable in emergency situations. In anatomically suitable cases, appears to be a significant advantage in the short and midterm results, despite a higher rate of re-interventions

Methods: We performed a search in the records of all rEVAR done since the year 2004. We reviewed a total of 47 patients, 4 of which the technique has proved unfeasible. The median follow-up is 28.5 months (1-60 months)

Results: There was a technical success in 91% of cases (43/47). The overall mortality at 30 days was 19% (8/43) in treated patients, and considering the intention to treat, the mortality rose to 23% (11/47). In the patients treated, 18 were symptomatic, 25 had a hemodynamically stable rupture and 4 were hemodynamically unstable. The follow-up of these patients has detected a case of proximal type I endoleak, witch was treated surgically by placing a proximal cuff, and two cases of type II endoleak that were not associated with aneurysm growth, and we chose not to treat.

Conclusions: The authors conclude that the institutional experience with the endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms in emergency is favourable compared to the results published in large series. The lower mortality and morbidity associated with the procedure allows treating a broader spectrum of patients. Follow-up is essential for a timely detection and correction of complications.

Key words: Abdominal aorta, endovascular, aneurysm, rupture

 

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