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Análise Psicológica
versión impresa ISSN 0870-8231
Resumen
Processo gravídico, parto e prematuridade: Uma discussão teórica do ponto de vista do psicólogo . Aná. Psicológica [online]. 2000, vol.18, n.1, pp.15-35. ISSN 0870-8231.
These article presents pregnancy, following the conceptualization of some authors, as a crisis maturation period, during which a psychological developmental process occurs by phases, within the three trimesters, with defined psychological goals and tasks. We propose that disruptions, in the developmental process can result in the ocurrence of premature birth, and that the continuation of the process but in a disturbed way, can contribute to term-delivery complications or to post-term emotional disturbances. We present some studies about the influence of psychological factors in premature birth, in term-delivery complications and in the emotional disturbances of post-delivery. We review and discuss some studies that describe the physical environment of the Intensive Care Units, the manipulations and the consequences for the premature anl low birthweight babies, as well as the modifications that can be implemented in those units. Finaly, we present some studies about aditional stimulation and stress-reduction programs, their short and long-term effects, and discuss the influences that the parent-child relationship can have in the eficacy of those programs, and in the development of those babies. We make some considerations about the role of the clinical psychologist in prevention and therapeutics during and after pregnancy.
Palabras clave : Pregnancy process; premature birth; psychological factors; term-delivery; premature and low birthweight babies; stimulation programs; parent-baby interaction.