Resumo

RODRIGUES*, Isabel; MARTINS, Vanessa; PEREIRA, José Alberto  e  BENTO, Albino. Biodiversity of arthropods in one almond orchard in integrated production mode in Trás-os-Montes, Portugal. Rev. de Ciências Agrárias [online]. 2020, vol.43, n.spe2, pp.81-90.  Epub 18-Dez-2020. ISSN 0871-018X.  https://doi.org/10.19084/rca.19665.

The knowledge of the diversity of arthropods in the crops (phytophagous, predators, parasitoids, detritivores, and others) and the relations between them are fundamental in a perspective of conservation of the beneficial insects, to promote biological protection against the main pests and maintain the crop in good phytosanitary condition. The knowledge about pest bioecology, population dynamics, predators and associated parasitoids in almond orchards are still scarce in Portugal. Thus, this work aimed to understand the diversity and abundance of the main functional groups of arthropods associated with the canopy of the almond tree and their fluctuations over time. To fulfill the objective, between April and early October of 2018 and 2019, weekly, the beating technique was performed. selecting randomly 25 trees from an almond tree orchard located in Alfândega da Fé. The harvested material was separated, and arthropods counted and identified at the lowest possible taxonomic level (order, family, genus, or species). In total, 11,809 arthropods were captured, that were distributed in 8 different orders. Phytophagous Hemiptera were the most abundant individuals throughout the sampling and the auxiliaries, spiders, coccinellids, and ants were the most abundant in 2018 and 2019. Parasitoid hymenopterans were also detected in the two years of sampling. It was found that the spiders followed the peaks of the occurrence of phytophagous Hemiptera. Phytophagous Hemiptera were the most abundant individuals throughout the sampling. Concerning the auxiliary fauna, in order of relative importance, spiders, coccinellids, and ants appeared in the two years of study. The parasitoid Hymenoptera represented 11% and 15% of the total auxiliaries, respectively in 2018 and 2019. It was also found that the greater abundance of spiders coincided with the greater occurrence of phytophagous Hemiptera.

Palavras-chave : Beneficial insects; abundance; diversity; natural control.

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