Resumen

FARIA, Emília. Anaphylaxis to anesthetic agentes. Rev Port Imunoalergologia [online]. 2018, vol.26, n.4, pp.239-254. ISSN 0871-9721.

Anaphylaxis is a severe systemic reaction that can occur at any time during the anesthetic act. Perioperative anaphylaxis is a frequent cause of fatal anaphylaxis in a hospital environment in adulthood. We herein review the current knowledge about perioperative anaphylaxis (POA). We focus on the clinical manifestations associated with the main anesthetic agents, the diagnostic algorithm, the risk factors and the preventive measures of POA. Skin tests are efficacious for the diagnosis of allergy to perioperative agents. A rigorous methodology is required; all anesthetics and other substances to which the patient was exposed need to be tested and standard concentrations must be used. We also discuss the particularities of situations that require a differentiated approach, namely, other medical procedures under general anesthesia, the pediatric age, the asthmatic patient and the emergent anesthesia. The importance of the implementation of protocols between anesthesia and immunoallergology is emphasized in the early investigation of cases of suspected sensitization to anesthetic agents or other substances used in the perioperative period, in order to minimize cases of POA and medical or surgical complications.

Palabras clave : Allergy; anaphylaxis; anesthesia; anesthetic; anaphylaxis; drugs; hypersensitivity; perioperative.

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