Abstract

ABREU, Daniela Brandão; SILVA, Diana; MOREIRA, André  and  LOPES, Cristina. Skin microbiome and atopic dermatitis. Rev Port Imunoalergologia [online]. 2022, vol.30, n.3, pp.169-189.  Epub Sep 30, 2022. ISSN 0871-9721.  https://doi.org/10.32932/rpia.2022.09.086.

The microbiome is defined as the set of microorganisms, their genomes, and respective interactions in a specific ecological niche. Studying the composition of the skin microbiome has been highlighted in recent years, not only in healthy individuals, but also in the presence of skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD). This is a complex and multifactorial disease with host and environmental factors underlying its pathophysiology. Several studies have shown a decrease in the diversity of the skin microbiome in AD patients, specifically with a decrease in bacteroidetes, fusobacteria and proteobacteria, and an increase in actinobacteria and firmicutes, more specifically strains of Staphylococcus aureus. It seems to be related to the severity of the disease and the presence of exacerbations. Several AD therapies can modulate the skin microbiome, including certain emollients, topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors, functional textiles with antiseptic properties, sodium hypochlorite baths, phototherapy and climatotherapy techniques, as well as more innovative treatments, as the case of dupilumab. As new therapies for disease control emerge, namely new topical and systemic immunomodulators, the study of the therapeutic and preventive potential of the cutaneous microbiome itself still needs further investigation, with the development of treatments that act primarily in the modulation of the microbiome composition, such as the use of topical or oral probiotics and microbiome transplants.

Keywords : Allergy; atopic eczema; bacteria; diagnosis; prevention; treatment.

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