Resumo

CAMPOS, Andreia et al. Peritoneal dialysis dropouts in different age and era cohorts: focus on the elderly. Port J Nephrol Hypert [online]. 2016, vol.30, n.1, pp.41-48. ISSN 0872-0169.

Introduction and Aims: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an efficient renal replacement therapy (RRT), but still remains underutilized at any age. Clinicians fear the rate of dropouts and lower technique survival, particularly in elderly patients. The authors aimed to explore such outcomes over the past 3 decades, in different age and era cohorts. Methods: Consecutive incident patients starting PD were identified from an ongoing registry-base prospective study of quality assessment. In order to control for an era effect, patients were assigned to 6 cohorts (5 years interval) according to the admission year between 1985 and 2014. Regression models taking competing risks into account were performed to identify potential prognostic factors for death and transfer to haemodialysis (HD) (adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, cohort era, automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) use, and first treatment modality - PD first, PD after HD, PD after renal transplant (RT). Then the patients were studied according to age at enrolment in the programme: A (18-44 years; n = 193) ; B (45-64 years; n = 176); C (≥ 65 years old; n = 75). The HD transfer rates using Poisson analysis were evaluated. The incidence of dropout rates was compared at different timesand between age groups, focusing particular attention on the elderly. Results: A total of 525 patients were evaluated: 211 male (40.2%), aged 48 ± 15.7 years old, on PD for 23 (IQR 9 - 41.5) months. The major cause of dropout technique was transfer to HD (35.4%), followed by renal transplantation (27.6%)and death (21.7%). The probability of technical failure and renal transplantation at 2 and 5 years was19.2% and 18.1% and 34.2%; 27.4%, respectively. Probability of death at 2 and 5 years was 12.7%, and 21.8%, respectively. The contemporary cohort was associated with a lower risk of mortality and lower risk of transfer to haemodialysis, with greater access to renal transplantation. The regression model Fine & Gray showed that older age was associated with increased mortality, but was not associated with greater technical failure. Transfer to HD occurred in the elderly at a rate of 11epy/100 patient-year (in comparison to 15 and 14 epy/100 patient-year in non-elderly groups A and B, respectively P = 0.33). The proportions of specific causes of technique failure did not change significantly according to age cohort. The dropoutrates due to access-related-infection and ultrafiltration failure decreased in the elderly group in the morecontemporary cohort, despite the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The dropoutby technique failure decreased significantly in the recent decade. Age at admission in peritoneal dialysisdid not show to be a compromising factor of the technique survival

Palavras-chave : Age; dropout; elderly; peritoneal dialysis; technique failure.

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