Resumo

FERREIRA, S. et al. Diagnóstico genético na síndroma de Lynch: implicações da localização de mutações germinais em genes de reparação do ADN . J Port Gastrenterol. [online]. 2006, vol.13, n.2, pp.82-88. ISSN 0872-8178.

Background: HNPCC diagnosis is based on the Amsterdam criteria (AC), although some families are also identified using the Bethesda guidelines (BG). HNPCC is associated with germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes, particularly MLH1 and MSH2, but also MSH6, PMS1 and PMS2. At present, no "hot-spots" have been identified that could direct genetic diagnosis. Aims: In patients belonging to HNPCC families with identified mutations in MLH1, MSH2 or MSH6 genes, to correlate tumor characteristics with the location of the mutation. Patients and Methods: We studied 58 patients (21M/37F) belonging to 33 families with AC and 7 families with BG, all with an identified germline mutation. Age of diagnosis and pathological characteristics of the colorectal cancer (CRC) were recorded, as well as the presence of HNPCC extracolonic cancers. Mutational analysis in MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 genes was performed by DGGE and direct sequencing. In families with no identified point mutations, we also performed MLPA for detection of large deletions. Results: A total of 48/58 (83%) of the patients had CRC, with a mean age at diagnosis of 45 years (25-74). The remaining 10 patients had an HNPCC-associated cancer other than CRC (6 endometrial, 2 ovarian, 1 urinary tract and 1 stomach). We identified 22 families with MLH1 mutations, 17 with MSH2 mutations and one with a MSH6 mutation. Most (76%) of the pathogenic mutations in MLH1 gene were located between exons 10 and 19. In this location mean age of CRC diagnosis was higher, 49.8 versus 32.5 years (p=0.01) and more associated HNPCC extracolonic tumors were found. In MSH2, 71% of the mutations were located between exons 1 and 8 and, in this group, more extra-colonic tumors belonging to HNPCC spectrum were identified. Conclusions: Our results suggest that based on family characteristics, genetic diagnosis should be started by the more frequently mutated exons in each gene.

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