Background:

Systematic reviews including several studies will have some diversity, even if they address a similar topic. Studies have different designs, participants, interventions/exposures, and expected outcomes. This diversity is called heterogeneity. For its relevance, we will put forward some methodological strategies to measure and explore it.

Objective:

To demonstrate how to measure and explore heterogeneity in a meta-analysis.

Main topics under analysis:

We present the concept of heterogeneity in meta-analysis, as well as its types, measurement models, and conditions for its application. We also put forward several methodological options for exploring heterogeneity, using practical examples to operationalize them.

Conclusion:

Exploring heterogeneity in a meta-analysis is an essential step in the development of a systematic review to increase the consistency of its results and, consequently, the strength of its recommendations.

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