Abstract

BRAS, José Viegas  and  GONCALVES, Maria Neves. Knowledge and Power of 1905 Portuguese Reform. Rev. Lusófona de Educação [online]. 2009, n.13, pp.101-121. ISSN 1645-7250.

In this paper, we intend to revisit the 1905 Reform focusing on the curriculum innovations and pedagogical measures that made it unique. As methodological focuses we assume the curriculum as social construction and we establish a link between the pedagogy of power and learning following Nietzsche and Foucault, considering that behind all learning and understanding what is at stake is a fight for power, being the political power intimately related with learning. We deal, at the beginning, with the new curriculum proposal of the above-mentioned document - drafted by the Director General of Public Instruction, Abel Andrade and undersigned by the Minister of the Reign, Eduardo José Coelho. We highlight, on one hand, the mechanisms that made physical education part of the students’ curriculum at grammar school, and on the other hand, the means that opened a new way to a new learning and to a new development of the human body. In a second moment, we highlight the importance of what we call the new mechanisms of regulation where we include the notebook, as an incentive to the pedagogical practice of filling and exhibiting the work done by the students and at the same time the cooperation between the grammar school and the family. At last, we assume that this Reform should be seen in articulation with the previous one by Jaime Moniz, and that both correspond to two fundamental pieces of the reform movement, which was the basis of the education of the future governmental elite.

Keywords : reform; curriculum; physical education; knowledge; power.

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