Resumo

VIANNA, Luiz Fernando de Novaes; BONETTI, Jarbas  e  POLETTE, Marcus. Integrated coastal zone management: a compatibility review between a public policy for the mariculture development and a coastal zone management plan in Brazil. RGCI [online]. 2012, vol.12, n.3, pp.357-372. ISSN 1646-8872.

In 2005 Brazil released the National Program for the Development of Marine Aquaculture in Union Waters through the Special Secretariat of Aquaculture and Fisheries (Seap), now Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture (MPA). Its aim was to order the activity and promote its expansion. It was the first initiative in the country seeking the implementation of a public policy specifically directed to the aquaculture sector. The state of Santa Catarina, a pioneer in the adoption of the program, needed to fit into the guidelines imposed by legislation in order to develop and implement the Local Plans for the Development of Marine Aquaculture (PLDM), its most important instrument. This required PLDM to be compatible with the State Coastal Management Plan of Santa Catarina (Gerco-SC), through the instruments Coastal Ecological and Economic Zoning (ZEEC) and Plan of Coastal Zone Management (PGZC). The PLDM is a participatory planning tool to aid in the delineation of aquaculture parks in waters belonging to Brazil. The ZEEC, in turn, is a tool for planning, monitoring, licensing, and supervision that operates in accordance with the guidelines of the National Coastal Management Policy. It should also be elaborated in a participatory process and establish guidelines to determine prohibited, permitted or encouraged uses in the coastal zone. Finally, the PGZC presents proposals for actions with clearly defined goals, key actors and others involved in the execution, area of intervention, agenda, approximate cost and potential sources of resources. It aims to order the different activities and uses of coastal and marine territories, promote the sustainable socioeconomic development and ensure the conservation of natural resources. In this paper an analysis of the historical evolution of the implementation of these two policies in Santa Catarina was carried out considering their instruments. The objective was to evaluate the compatibility between the planning policies for marine aquaculture and coastal management in Santa Catarina through the implementation of the instruments PLDM, ZEEC and PGZC. It was found that these instruments are technically efficient, but in practice they have been implemented in a bureaucratic and insufficient integrated way because the state does not have a structure compatible with the logistical, technical or methodological needs to totally conduct the process. In relation to marine aquaculture, the participatory process of zoning the aquaculture parks in PLDM proved to be efficient by sector, strengthening the associations of shell fishermen and research and extension sectors of Santa Catarina in the decision practice. On the other hand, the multi-sectoral participatory process of Gerco-SC is still incipient and maintains a political, institutional and technocratic nature in the management efforts. As an effective product, the state now has the ZEEC and PGZC established by law and the PLDM constituted in fact. This means that the instruments were developed in Gerco but lack implementation, while PLDM’s are already effective through the delimitation of the offshore aquaculture parks, planning and procurement of individual aquaculture production areas, development of a georeferenced database, and design of a monitoring plan and management system. The PLDM should guide the aquaculture industry in assessing the potential of the coastal zone for the activity and assist in planning and selecting aquaculture areas. However, it must also be associated to the Gerco-SC’s ZEEC and PGZC instruments through a participatory and integrated process in accordance with the law and following the democratic tendencies of integrated coastal management.

Palavras-chave : Local Plans for Development of Mariculture; PLDM; Marine Zoning; Instruments of Coastal Zone Management.

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