Objective:

To ascertain the five-year effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitor (iSGLT2) medicines on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Persons (T2DMP) on haemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI) and abdominal perimeter (AP) values.

Methods:

Observational multicentric retrospective cohort study, in 2022, analysing data provided by the Regional Health Administration Authority (RHA) of Central for T2DMP (ICPC-2 - T90 classification) of Baixo Mondego and Dão Lafões, Portuguese NHS Primary Care Units clusters, medicated in 2017 with SGLT2i and re-studied in 2022, for closest date to the end of the year. Two values of HbA1c were taken as control cut-offs: ≤7% and ≤8%.

Results:

A sample of n=264, 59.0% (n=156) male was studied. From 2017 to 2022: HbA1c, 7.62±1.21 to 7.56±1.12 (Δ=-0.8) (p=0.951); BMI, 31.65±8.72 to 29.90±4.56 (Δ=-5.5) (p<0.001); and AP, 104.90±13.64 to 105.58± 11.11(Δ=+0.6) (p=0.424). The prevalence of controlled PMD2 under 65 years for HbA1c ≤7% in 2017 was 34.0% and in 2022 of 32.1%, Δ=-5.50; and for HbA1c ≤8% for older ones than 65 years of 74.8% in 2017 and of 743.3% in 2022, Δ=-0.02.

Discussion:

Comparing these values with previous ones, an improvement in HbA1c and BMI, and worsening of AP was verified, sarcopenia possibly reducing BMI not balanced by the AP increase.

Conclusion:

The effectiveness of iSGLT2 in the reduction of HbA1c and BMI was verified, unlike the AP and the frequency of controlled PDM2.

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