Introduction

Silicosis is the most prevalent chronic occupational lung disease in the world and is caused by the inhalation of silica. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified inhaled crystalline silica (quartz or cristobalite) as a Group 1 carcinogen. Clinically, there are three classic forms of presentation: acute, accelerated, or progressive and chronic.

Case Report

A 50-year-old male patient, with one-month history of dyspnea with exertion, dry cough asthenia and weight loss (quantified in approximately 4 kg). He had a history of occupational and environmental exposure, for about 20 years, as a hammermaker in a quarry and about 2 years in coal mines.

Discussion

The diagnosis of chronic Silicosis is usually clinical and based on three key elements: history of exposure to silica likely to cause the disease within the appropriate latency time, compatible imaging and the absence of any other diagnosis that could justify the reported alterations. After diagnosis, health surveillance should be directed towards preventing the progression and development of complications. Given the lack of proven targeted treatment, it is essential that the investment be in prevention. The occupational physician plays an essential role in defining strategies to minimize the exposure of workers at risk.

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