SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online

 
 número173Novidades no terreno: muçulmanos na Europa e o caso portuguêsAutores, actores, críticos e «bons samaritanos» índice de autoresíndice de assuntosPesquisa de artigos
Home Pagelista alfabética de periódicos  

Serviços Personalizados

Journal

Artigo

Indicadores

Links relacionados

  • Não possue artigos similaresSimilares em SciELO

Compartilhar


Análise Social

versão impressa ISSN 0003-2573

Anál. Social  n.173 Lisboa  2005

 

«Bangla masdjid»: Islão e bengalidade entre os bangladeshianos em Lisboa**

 

José Mapril*

 

Résumé

«Bangla masdjid»: Islam et bengalité entre les bangladeshiens à Lisbonne

Ces dernières années, les recherches sur les populations musulmanes en Occident se sont centrées sur le développement de perspectives universalistes et orthodoxes de l’Islam qui en font un élément d’agrégation entre individus, indépendamment de leurs particularités. Le but de l’article est d’affirmer que l’expérience migratoire met en contact différentes populations musulmanes, en favorisant de la sorte l’émergence d’idéologies universalistes de l’Islam qui priment sur d’autres formes d’appartenance, telles l’ethnicité.

Ce que l’auteur prétend est justement nuancer ces perspectives, car dans certains cas les frontières entre l’Islam et autres formes d’appartenance ne sont pas si nettement tracées. Basé sur une recherche en cours sur les immigrés du Bangladesh à Lisbonne, il argumente que l’identité musulmane et l’identité bengali ne s’excluent pas mutuellement. Bien au contraire, elles apparaissent conjuguées dans la création d’un espace de culte situé dans la zone où ces bangladeshiens résident et travaillent à Lisbonne. La mosquée est ici un espace de médiation, dans lequel se matérialisent l’universalité de l’Islam et la particularité de la bengalité.

 

Abstract

«Bangla Masdjid»: Islam and Bengali nationhood among Bangladeshis in Lisbon

In recent years research on Muslim peoples in the West has focused on the development of universalist and orthodox approaches to Islam which see it as an aggregating element regardless of the individual characteristics of its adherents. This article seeks to show that the experience of migration brings several different Muslim peoples into contact with each other, and that this fact encourages the emergence of universalist interpretations of Islam which prevail over other forms of belonging such as ethnicity.

The precise aim of this article is to classify these approaches, given that there are cases where the boundaries between Islam and other forms of belonging are not so clearly marked. Basing himself on a current research project on Bangladeshi immigrants in Lisbon, the author argues that Muslim identity and Bengali identity are not mutually exclusive; on the contrary, they appear to be combined in the creation of a place of worship located in the area where these Bangladeshis live and work in Lisbon. Here the mosque is a place for mediation, where the universality of Islam and the particular nature of Bengali nationhood are made to come together.

 

 

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text only available in PDF format.

 

 

BIBLIOGRAFIA

ABU-LUGHOD, L. (1988), Veiled Sentiments: Honour and Poetry in a Bedouin Society, Berkeley, University of California Press.         [ Links ]

ABU-LUGHOD, L. (ed.) (1998), Remaking Women: Feminism and Modernity in the Middle East, Princeton, Princeton University Press.         [ Links ]

AHMED, R. (1988), The Bengal Muslims 1871-1906: A Quest for Identity, Deli, Oxford University Press.         [ Links ]

AL-AZMEH, A. (1993), Islams and Modernities, Londres, Verso.         [ Links ]

BAGANHA, M., FERRÃO, J., e MALHEIROS, J. (1999), «Os imigrantes e o mercado de trabalho: o caso português», in Análise Social, n.o 150, Lisboa, Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa, pp. 147-173.         [ Links ]

BASTOS, C. (2004), «Lisboa, século XXI: uma pós-metrópole nos trânsitos mundiais» in J. M. Pais e L. M. Blass (coords.), Tribos Urbanas: Produção Artística e Identidades, Lisboa, Imprensa de Ciências Sociais, pp. 195-223.         [ Links ]

BOWEN, J. (1993), Muslims through Discourse: Religion and Ritual in Gayo Society, Princeton, Princeton University Press.         [ Links ]

CASTLES, S., e MILLER, M. (1993), The Age of Migration, Nova Iorque, The Guilford Press.         [ Links ]

D’ALISERA, J. (2001), «I © Islam: popular religious commodities, sites of inscription, and transnational Sierra Leonean identity», in Journal of Material Culture, vol. 6 (1), pp. 91-110.

EADE, J. (1990), «Nationalism and the quest for authenticity», in New Community, n.o 16 (4), pp. 493-503.         [ Links ]

EADE, J. (1996), «Nationalism, community and the islamization of space in London», in B. Metclaf, Making Muslim Space in North America and Europe, Berkeley, University of California Press, pp. 217-233.         [ Links ]

EICKELMAN, D., e PISCATORI, J. (1990), Muslim Travellers: Pilgrimage, Migration and the Religious Imagination, Berkeley, University of California Press.         [ Links ]

ELLICKSON, J. (2002), «Local saint vs. contemporary reformer: religious trends in Bangladesh», in S. Alam (ed.), Contemporary Anthropology: Theory and Practice, Dhaka, The University Press Limited, pp. 197-210.         [ Links ]

ESPOSITO, J. (1988), Islam: The Straight Path, Oxford, Oxford University Press.         [ Links ]

EVANS-PRITCHARD, E. (1967 [1937]), Les nuers: description des modes de vie et des institutions politiques d’un peuple nilote, Paris, Editions Gallimard.

FISCHER, M., e ABEDI, M. (1990), Debating Muslims: Cultural Dialogues in Tradition and Postmodernity, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press.         [ Links ]

GAFFNEY, P. (1987), «Authority and the mosque in Upper Egypt: the islamic preacher as image and actor», in W. Roff (1987), Islam and the Political Economy of Meaning, Berkeley, University of California Press, pp. 199-225.         [ Links ]

GARDNER, K. (1993), «Desh-Bidesh: Sylheti images of home and away», in Man, n.o 28, pp. 1-15.         [ Links ]

GARDNER, K. (1995), Global Migrants, Local Lives. Travel and Transformation in Rural Bangladesh, Oxford, Oxford University Press.         [ Links ]

GARDNER, K. (2002), Age, Narrative and Migration. The Life Course and Life Histories of Bengali Elders in London, Oxford, Berg Publishers.         [ Links ]

GEERTZ, C. (1968), Islam Observed: Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia, Chicago, Chicago University Press.         [ Links ]

GESCHIERE, P., e MEYER, B. (1998), «Globalization and identity: dialectics of flow and closure», in Development and Change, vol. 29, pp. 601-615.         [ Links ]

GILSENAN, M. (1982), Recognizing Islam: Religion and Society in the Modern Arab World, Nova Iorque, Pantheon Books.         [ Links ]

GINGRICH, A. (1997), «Inside an ‘exhausted community’: an essay on case-reconstructive research about peripheral and other moralities», in S. Howell, The Ethnography of Moralities, Londres, Routledge, pp. 152-177.

HOWELL, S. (1997), The Ethnography of Moralities, Londres, Routledge.         [ Links ]

ISMU (2002), The Eight Italian Report on Migrations, Milão, ISMU.         [ Links ]

JOHNSON, M. (2002), Being Mandinga, Being Muslim: Transnational Debates on Personhood and Religious Identity in Guinea-Bissau and Portugal, Illinois, tese de doutoramento apresentada na Universidade de Illinois, mimeo.         [ Links ]

KEPEL, G. (2003), Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam, Londres, I. B. Taurius.         [ Links ]

KESHAVJEE, F. (1994), «Identidades e representações sociais: para o estudo da mulher islâmica em Portugal», in AAVV, Dinâmicas Multiculturais, Novas Faces, Novos Olhares, Lisboa, Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa, pp. 191-202.         [ Links ]

KETTANI, A. (1996), «Challenges to the organization of muslim communities in Western Europe: the political dimension», in W. Shadid e P. Koningsveld (eds.), Political Participation and Identities of Muslims in Non-Muslims States, Kampen, Kok Pharos, pp. 14-35.         [ Links ]

KING, R., LAZARIDIS, G., e TSARDANIDIS, C. (eds.) (2000), Eldorado or Fortress? Migration in Southern Europe, Londres, MacMillan Press, Londres.         [ Links ]

KNERR, B. (1990), «South Asian countries as competitors on the world labour market», in C. Clarke, C. Peach e S. Vertovec (eds.), South Asians Overseas. Migration and Ethnicity, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 173-196.         [ Links ]

KNIGHTS, M. (1996), «Bangladeshi immigrants in Italy: from geopolitics to micropolitics», in Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, n.o 21 (1), pp. 105-123.         [ Links ]

KNIGHTS, M. (1997), «Migrants as networkers: the economics of Bangladeshi migration to Rome», in R. King e R. Black (eds.), Southern Europe and the New Immigrations, Brighton, Sussex Academic Press, pp. 113-137.         [ Links ]

LEWIS, P. (1994), Islamic Britain: Religion, Politics and Identity among British Muslims, Londres, I. B. Tauris.        [ Links ]

MALHEIROS, J. (1996), Imigrantes na Região de Lisboa, os Anos da Mudança, Lisboa, Edições Colibri.         [ Links ]

MANDAVILLE, P. (2001), Transnational Muslim Politics: Reimagining the Umma, Londres, Routledge.         [ Links ]

MANDEL, R. (1996), «A place of their own: contesting spaces and defining places in Berlins migrant community», in B. Metclaf, Making Muslim Space in North America and Europe, Berkeley, University of California Press, pp. 147-166.         [ Links ]

MAPRIL, J. (2002), «De Wenzhou ao Martim Moniz: práticas diaspóricas e (re)negociação identitária do local», in Ethnologia, 12-14, Lisboa, Fim de Século, pp. 253-294.         [ Links ]

METCALF, B. (ed.) (1996), Making Muslim Space in North America and Europe, Berkeley, University of California Press.         [ Links ]

METCALF, B. (1996a), «New Medinas: the Tablighi Jama’at in America and Europe», in B. Metcalf (ed.), Making Muslim Space in North America and Europe, Berkeley, University of California Press, pp. 110-127.

METCALF, B. (2002), «Traditionalist» Islamic Activism: Deoband, Tablighis, and Talibs, Leiden, ISIM.         [ Links ]

NEEDHAM, R. (1981), Circumstantial Deliveries, Berkeley, University of California Press.         [ Links ]

PEACH, C. (1994), «Three phases on South Asian emigration», in J. Brown e R. Foot (eds.), Migration: the Asian Experience, Londres, The Macmillan Press, pp. 38-55.         [ Links ]

QURESHI, R. (1996), «Transcending space: recitation and community among South Asian muslims in Canada», in B. Metcalf (ed.) (1996), Making Muslim Space in North America and Europe, Berkeley, University of California Press, pp. 46-64.         [ Links ]

ROY, A. (1983), The Islamic Syncretistic Tradition in Bengal, Nova Deli, Sterling Publishers.         [ Links ]

ROY, O. (2003), El Islam Mundialisado, Barcelona, Ediciones Bellaterra.         [ Links ]

SEF (1995), Relatório Estatístico 1995, mimeo.         [ Links ]

SEF (2000), Relatório Estatístico 2000, mimeo.         [ Links ]

SEF (2003), Relatório Estatístico 2003, www.sef.pt.         [ Links ]

SHAW, A. (1996 [1994]), «The Pakistani community in Oxford», in R. Ballard (ed.), Desh Pardesh: The South Asian Presence in Britain, Nova Deli, B. R. Publishing Corporation, pp. 35-57.         [ Links ]

SHAW, A. (2000), Kinship and Continuity: Pakistani Families in Britain, Amsterdão, Harwood Academic Publishers.         [ Links ]

SIDDIQUI, T. (2004), Institutionalising Diáspora Linkage: The Emigrant Bangladeshis in UK and USA, Dhaka, International Organization for Migration.         [ Links ]

SIMMEL, G. (2004 [1908]), «O estrangeiro», in G. Simmel, Fidelidade e Gratidão e Outros Textos, Lisboa, Relógio d’Água, pp. 133-142.

SIMMEL, G. (1997 [1898]), «Contribution to sociology of religion», in H. Helle (ed.), Essays on Religion: Georg Simmel, Durham, Yale University Press, pp. 101-120.         [ Links ]

TIESLER, N. (2000), «Muçulmanos na margem: A nova presença islâmica em Portugal», in Sociologia — Problemas e Práticas, n.o 34, pp. 117-144.

TINKER, H. (1977), The Banyan Tree: Overseas Emigrants from India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, Oxford, Oxford University Press.         [ Links ]

VAKIL, A. (no prelo), «O ‘Portugal islâmico’, o ‘Portugal multicultural’ e os muçulmanos portugueses: história, memória e cidadania na construção de novas identidades», in G. Mota (ed.), Minorias Étnicas e Religiosas em Portugal: História e Actualidade, Coimbra, IHESFLUC, pp. 409-451.

VAKIL, A. (2003), «Muslims in Portugal: history, historiography, citizenship», in EuroClio Bulletin, 18, pp. 9-13.         [ Links ]

VAN DER VEER, P. (2001), Transnational Religion, comunicação apresentada na conferência «Transnational migration: comparative perspectives», Princeton University.         [ Links ]

VISRAM, R. (2002), Asians in Britain: 400 Years of History, Londres, Pluto Press.         [ Links ]

WEBER, M. (1996 [1915]), «L’éthique économique des religions mondiales», in M. Weber, Sociologie des religions, Paris, Editions Gallimard, pp. 329-486.

WERBNER, P. (1990), The Migration Process: Capital, Gifts and Offerings among Pakistanis in Britain, Oxford, Berg Publishers.         [ Links ]

WERBNER, P. (2002), Imagined Diasporas among Manchester Muslims: The Public Performance of Pakistani Transnational Identity Politics, Oxford, Currey/SARP.         [ Links ]

 

 

* Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa.

** Este artigo resulta de uma investigação em curso no âmbito da minha pesquisa de doutoramento em realização no Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa com o apoio da Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia. Agradeço as leituras e sugestões dos referees da revista Análise Social,que tiveram um papel imprescindível na reformulação do texto original. Gostaria ainda de agradecer a Bernd Reiter, Nina Clara Tiesler, Maria Cardeira da Silva, AbdoolKarim Vakil, João de Vasconcelos e Ramon Sarró pelas suas inestimáveis sugestões e correcções e à professora Cristiana Bastos, minha orientadora, sem a qual este artigo não poderia existir.

Creative Commons License Todo o conteúdo deste periódico, exceto onde está identificado, está licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons