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Arquivos de Medicina

On-line version ISSN 2183-2447

Arq Med vol.21 no.5-6 Porto  2007

 

Acidente Vascular Cerebral em Doente com Anemia de Células Falciformes

 

Sofia Caridade*, Álvaro Machado†, Carla Ferreira†

Serviços de *Medicina Interna e †Neurologia, Hospital de São Marcos, Braga

 

O acidente vascular cerebral em doentes com anemia de células falciformes é multifactorial, mas ocorre essencialmente por 2 mecanismos: arteriopatia progressivamente oclusiva e obstrução dos pequenos vasos por formação de rolhões de células falciformes. Um alto risco individual pode ser identificado por estratégias simples bem estabelecidas como a ultrassonografia com Doppler transcraniano e carotideo-vertebral.

Os autores descrevem o caso clínico de uma jovem de 25 anos, raça negra, com anemia de células falciformes, que recorre ao serviço de urgência com quadro de hemiparésia direita. A RM cerebral revelou pequenos enfartes cortico-subcorticais fronto-temporo-parietais esquerdos recentes e várias lacunas periventriculares posteriores de predomínio esquerdo, antigas.

A propósito deste caso clínico, é feita uma discussão sobre o tema, dando particular ênfase ao correcto tratamento desta patologia, assim como à prevenção das suas complicações vasculares.

Palavras-chave: acidente vascular cerebral; anemia células falciformes.

 

 

Stroke in a Patient with Sickle Cell Anemia

Stroke in patients with sickle cell anemia is multifactorial but occurs mainly by 2 mechanisms: occlusive arteriopathy and obliteration of small vessels with plugs of sickle cells. The high individual risk can be assessed by simple and well-defined strategies such as ultrasounds with transcranial and cervical Doppler Ultrasonography.

The authors report the clinical case of a 25 year-old black female patient with sickle cell anemia, who was admitted with right hemiparesis. Cerebral MRI showed small recent fronto-temporo-parietal cortical-subcortical infarcts and several, older, posterior periventricular lacunae of left preponderance.

A brief discussion is made, with particular emphasis on the proper treatment and prevention of its cerebrovascular complications.

Key-words: stroke; sickle cell disease.

 

 

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text only available in PDF format.

 

 

REFERÊNCIAS

1 - Coull BM, DeLoughery TG, Feinberg WM. Coagulation abnormalities in stroke. In: Barnett H, Mohr JP, Yatsu F,editors. Stroke: Pathophysiologhy, Diagnosis and Management. 3rd edition New York: Churchill Livingstone;1998. pp. 971-2.        [ Links ]

2 - Benz EJ. Hemoglobinopathies. In Braunwald E, Fauci A, Hauser S, Jameson J, Kasper D, Longo D. Harrison´s Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th edition, Mc Graw-Hill, EUA, 2005. pp.593-601.

3 - Goldstein LB, Adams R, Alberts MJ, et al. Stroke . Journal of the American Heart Association 2006;21-2.

4 - Embury SH. Sickle cell anemia and associated hemoglobinopathies. In Cecil Text Book of Medicine, 22nd edition, WB Saunder, 2004. pp.159-84.

5 - Makani J. Stroke in sickle cell disease in Africa. East Afr Med J 2004;81:657-9.

6 - Hillery CA, Panepinto JA. Pathophysiology of Stroke in Sickle Cell Disease, Microcirculation 2004;11:195-208.

7 - Adams RJ, Ohene-Frempong K, Wang W. Sickle Cell and the Brain. Hematology 2001:31-43.

8 - Gebreyohanns M, Adams RJ. Sickle cell disease: primary stroke prevention. CNS Spectr 2004;9:445-9.

9 - Adams RJ, McKie VC, et al. Prevention of a first stroke by transfusions in children with sickle cell anemia and abnormal results on transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. NEJM 1998;339:5-11.

10 - Al Hajeri AA, Fedorowicz Z, Omran A, Tadmouri GO. Piracetam for reducing the incidence of painful sickle cell disease crises. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;8:CD006111.

 

 

Correspondência:

Dr.ª Sofia Caridade

Serviço de Medicina Interna Hospital de São Marcos

Largo Eng. Carlos Amarante - Apt. 2242 4701-965 Braga

e-mail: sofialisetecaridade@sapo.pt

 

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