Sarcoidose extratorácica

Extra-thoracic sarcoidosis

 

Filipa Costa 1

Ana Arrobas 2

 

Resumo

A sarcoidose é uma doença granulomatosa multissistémica de etiologia desconhecida, caracterizada histologicamente pela presença de granulomas não caseosos nos órgãos envolvidos. Trata-se de uma doença que pode envolver praticamente qualquer órgão, manifestando-se de múltiplas formas e apresentando-se a várias especialidades clínicas. O envolvimento extratorácico isolado é raro (10%), surgindo mais frequentemente associado ao envolvimento pulmonar ou dos gânglios linfáticos mediastínicos.

A nível extratorácico pode ocorrer, entre outros, envolvimento do fígado (50-80%), baço (40-80%), olho (20-50%), nódulos linfáticos periféricos (30%), pele (25%), sistema nervoso (10%), coração (5%), rim e aparelho músculo-esquelético, nem sempre cursando com sintomatologia. A presença de envolvimento extratorácico afecta muitas vezes o prognóstico e a atitude terapêutica da sarcoidose.

Os autores fazem uma revisão das principais manifestações extratorácicas da sarcoidose, abordando as suas manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico, tratamento, seguimento e prognóstico.

Palavras-chave: Sarcoidose, extratorácica.

 

 

Abstract

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology, characterized by the presence of non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas on tissue biopsy of affected organs. It may involve any organ, presenting in multiple forms to clinicians of different specialities.

In its extra-thoracic form it may involve the liver (50-80%), spleen (40-80%), eye (20-50%), extrathoracic lymph nodes (30%), skin (25%), nervous system (10%), heart (5%), kidney, muscle and bone, sometimes without symptoms. The presence of extrathoracic disease may affect the prognosis and treatment options for sarcoidosis.

The authors present a review of the major extra-thoracic manifestations of sarcoidosis regarding its clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and prognosis.

Key-words: Sarcoidosis, extra-thoracic.

 

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1 Interna do Internato Complementar de Pneumologia

2 Assistente Hospitalar Graduada de Pneumologia

Serviço de Pneumologia,

Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra

(Director: Dr. Jorge Pires)

Quinta dos Vales

São Martinho do Bispo

3046-853 Coimbra

 

Recebido para publicação/received for publication: 07.02.23

Aceite para publicação/accepted for publication: 07.07.20