Estudo nacional de qualidade de vida na asma – Aplicação do Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire de Marks (AQLQ-M) na população portuguesa

 

National study of asthma quality of life – Application of the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ-M) by Marks in the portuguese population

 

Jorge Ferreira ¹

Pedro Silveira ²

J Agostinho Marques ³

 

Resumo

A versão portuguesa do Asthma Quality of Life Questionnairede Marks (AQLQ-M) demonstrou anteriormente que apresenta boas propriedades psicométricas e é adequada para utilização em doentes portugueses com asma. Ao longo dos últimos 40 anos, tem vindo a observar-se um aumento global na prevalência, morbilidade, mortalidade e custos económicos associados à asma, continuando esta a ser uma doença subdiagnosticada e subtratada. Neste estudo, o AQLQ-M foi aplicado a 826 doentes asmáticos de Portugal continental (97,9% caucasianos; média de idades = 40,5 anos; 30,2% do sexo masculino; 69,8% do sexo feminino) seguidos em consulta de pneumologia ou imunoalergologia.

Os doentes foram classificados de acordo com os níveis de gravidade do Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Apresentavam asma intermitente 40,5%; 26,9% asma persistente ligeira; 21,4% asma persistente moderada e 11,2% asma persistente grave. A pontuação do AQLQ-M manteve correlações estatisticamente significativas com a gravidade da asma, sintomas e função pulmonar. A maioria dos doentes não se apresentava controlada, tendo 74,6% recorrido ao serviço de urgência ao longo do último ano. Para todas as subescalas do questionário, as mulheres apresentavam pior qualidade de vida (QdV) do que os homens. Surpreendentemente, os fumadores apresentavam melhor QdV do que os indivíduos que nunca fumaram. Os resultados deste estudo revelaram que a versão portuguesa do AQLQ-M é um instrumento útil para a medição da QdV relacionada com a saúde em adultos com asma.

Palavras-chave: Asma, qualidade de vida, questionários.

 

Abstract

The Portuguese version of the Marks Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ-M) has already proven to have good diagnostic properties, and is suitable for use with Portuguese asthma patients. The last forty years have seen a worldwide rise in the rate, morbidity, mortality and economic burden associated with asthma and the disease continues to be underdiagnosed and undertreated. In this study the AQLQ-M was administered to 826 asthmatic patients from continental Portugal (97.9% Caucasian, mean age 40.5 years, 30.2% male, 69.8% female), followedup by pulmonologists and allergologists. Patients were classified in line with the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) severity categories: 40.5% intermittent asthma, 26.9% mild persistent, 21.4% moderate persistent, 11.2% severe persistent. AQLQ-M scores maintained significant relationships with asthma severity, symptoms and lung function. Most of the patients were not managed and 74.6% were observed in an emergency room during last year. Women reported poorer QoL than men in all the questionnaire’s subscales. Surprisingly, smokers presented better QoL than non-smokers. The results of this study evidence that the Portuguese version of the AQLQ-M is a useful instrument for measuring health-related quality of life in adults with asthma.

Key-words: Asthma, quality of life, questionnaires.

 

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¹ Serviço de Pneumologia – Hospital Pedro Hispano – Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos / Pulmonology Unit, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos

² Departamento de Cuidados Intensivos – Hospital Pedro Hispano – Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos / Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos

³ Serviço de Pneumologia – Hospital de S. João, Porto / Pulmonology Unit, Hospital de S. João, Oporto

 

Recebido para publicação/received for publication: 08.01.23

Aceite para publicação/accepted for publication: 08.02.29