Clima psicológico como preditor da saúde e do bem‑estar de profissionais de saúde em contexto hospitalar

 

Isabel Silva Carvalho¹

 

Resumo: O clima psicológico, enquanto representação psicológica do ambiente de trabalho, ou seja, das estruturas, processos e acontecimentos proximais (Rousseau, 1988) e reflexo dos processos de atribuição de sentido às experiências de trabalho (Weick, 1995), tem sido considerado como uma variável explicativa importante do comportamento, saúde e bem­‑estar dos indivíduos nas organizações (Parker, Baltes, Young, Huff, Altmann, Lacost & Roberts, 2003). Este estudo, com uma amostra de 375 profissionais de saúde hospitalar, tem como objectivo a análise da relação entre clima psicológico e a saúde e o bem­‑estar. Tem como nível de análise o indivíduo (Reichers & Schneider, 1990), e como referencial teórico o modelo de Jones & James (1979). A saúde e o bem­‑estar são avaliados através da percepção da saúde física e psicológica, vitalidade e funcionamento cognitivo e social. Os resultados apontam para o papel do clima psicológico enquanto preditor da saúde e bem­‑estar, bem como para o papel de mediação da satisfação com o trabalho nesta relação. São discutidas as implicações nas intervenções de saúde ocupacional cujo objectivo seja a melhoria da qualidade de vida no trabalho.

Palavras­‑chave: clima psicológico, saúde, bem­‑estar, satisfação com o trabalho, profissionais de saúde.

 

Psychological climate as a predictor of hospital professionals’ health and well­‑being

Abstract: Psychological climate as a proximal representation of organizational structures, processes and events (Rousseau, 1988) as well as a meaning attribution processes in the work context (Weick, 1995) as been reported as an important predictor of individual beahviour, health, and well­‑being in organizations (Parker, Baltes, Young, Huff, Altmann, Lacost & Roberts, 2003). In this study we examine the relationship between psychological climate and health and well­‑being of health care professionals. Drawing on Jones and James (1979) model of psychological climate, several facets of climate are measured as well as multiple dimensions of health and well­‑being: perception of physical health, vitality, cognitive functioning, social functioning, and affective well­‑being. Results suggested that psycho­logical climate is a strong predictor of employees health and well­‑being. Results also suggested that work satisfaction mediates the relationship between percep­tions of work and environment characteristics and health and well­‑being. Practical implications are discussed and interventions to improve quality of work life are suggested.

Key‑words: psychological climate, health, well­‑being, work satisfaction, health care professionals.

 

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¹  Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa, Lisboa. Departamento de Psicologia Social e das Organizações. isabel.carvalho@iscte.pt.