<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2504-3145</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Portuguese Journal of Public Health]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Port J Public Health]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2504-3145</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2504-31452023000300179</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1159/000534082</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Breakfast Skipping and Determinant Factors among Moroccan School Adolescents (12-19 Years): The Case of Beni Mellal City]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaoutar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kamal]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chetoui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ahmed]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boutahar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kaltoum]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moussaoui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Soufiane El]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kardoudi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abdeslam El]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Najimi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mohamed]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chigr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fatiha]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Sultan Moulay Slimane University Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Biological Engineering Laboratory]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Beni Mellal ]]></addr-line>
<country>Morocco</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques Er-Rachidia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Errachidia ]]></addr-line>
<country>Morocco</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>179</fpage>
<lpage>187</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2504-31452023000300179&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2504-31452023000300179&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2504-31452023000300179&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Breakfast skipping is an unhealthy eating behavior reportedly common among adolescents. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with breakfast skipping among schoolchildren aged 12-19 years in Beni Mellal city, Morocco, and to assist in the design of interventions to improve breakfast consumption habits of school-aged children in this region.  Methods:  A school-based cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 550 children were included in the study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with skipping breakfast consumption. The association between dependent and independent variables was assessed using an odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval and p value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.  Results:  Among 550 Moroccan adolescents evaluated, 25.6% reported not consuming breakfast every day. Breakfast eating was statistically associated with gender (OR = 7.13 95% CI 1.32-3.84, p = 0.008); mother&#8217;s low educational level (OR = 2.86 95% CI 1.89-4.71, p = 0.091); nonworking mothers (OR = 13.71 95% CI 1.16-5.29, p &lt; 0.001); not eating between meals (OR = 15.49 95% CI 2.15-5.49, p &lt; 0.001); eating dinner regularly each day (OR = 17.79 95% CI 2.81-8.01, p = 0.005); eating vegetables 1-3 times per week (OR = 10.21 95% CI 1.44-4.67, p = 0.001); consuming milk and dairy product 1-3 times per week (OR = 13.88 95% CI 1.59-5.56, p &lt; 0.001); and never consuming sodas and soft drink in week (OR = 3.12 95% CI 1.90-4.50, p = 0.003).  Conclusions:  This study revealed that the prevalence of skipping breakfast consumption among school-aged children in Beni Mellal city was high. Thus, the findings suggest a community health education program, conducted by school nurses, nutritionists, and other health professionals, is needed.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Introdução:  Não tomar o pequeno-almoço é um comportamento alimentar não saudável supostamente comum entre adolescentes. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados com o não consumo do pequeno-almoço entre crianças em idade escolar dos 12 aos 19 anos na cidade de Beni Mellal, Marrocos, e contribuir para o desenho de intervenções para melhorar os hábitos de consumo do pequeno-almoço de crianças em idade escolar em esta região.  Métodos:  Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base escolar. Um total de 550 crianças foram incluídas no estudo. A análise de regressão logística multivariada foi usada para identificar os fatores associados à omissão do consumo do pequeno-almoço. A associação entre variáveis dependentes e independentes foi avaliada por meio de odds ratio com intervalo de confiança de 95% e valor de p &lt; 0.05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo.  Resultados:  Entre os 550 adolescentes marroquinos avaliados, 25.6% relataram não tomar o pequeno-almoço todos os dias. Tomar o pequeno-almoço foi estatisticamente associado ao sexo (Odds Ratio (OR) = 7.13 IC 95% 1.32-3.84, p = 0.008); à baixa escolaridade da mãe (OR = 2.86 IC 95% 1.89-4.71, p = 0.091); mães não trabalhadoras (OR = 13.71 IC 95% 1.16-5.29, p &lt; 0.001), não comer entre as refeições (OR = 15.49 IC 95% 2.15-5.49, p &lt; 0.001); jantar regularmente todos os dias (OR = 17.79 IC 95% 2.81-8.01, p = 0.005); comer vegetais 1 a 3 vezes por semana (OR = 10.21 IC 95% 1.44-4.67, p = 0.001); consumir leite e derivados de 1 a 3 vezes por semana (OR = 13.88 IC 95% 1.59-5.56, p &lt; 0.001) e nunca beber refrigerantes durante a semana (OR = 3.12 IC 95% 1.90-4.50, p = 0.003).  Conclusões:  Este estudo revelou que a prevalência da falta de consumo de pequeno-almoço entre crianças em idade escolar na cidade de Beni Mellal foi alta. Assim, os resultados sugerem que é necessário um programa de educação em saúde da comunidade, conduzido por nutricionistas e outros profissionais de saúde.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Skipping breakfast consumption]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[School-aged children]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Beni Mellal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Morocco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Pequeno-almoço]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Crianças em idade escolar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Beni Mellal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Marrocos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Behrens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BIs]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[breakfast or breakfast skipping associated with adiposity in adults? Methodological considerations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[West LafayettePurdue University. CFS Honors Program Undergraduate]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morgan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zabik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stampley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breakfast consumption patterns of U S. children and adolescents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr Res]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>635-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rampersaud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Metzl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Breakfast habits, nutritional status, body weight and academic performance in children and adolescents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Diet Assoc]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>743-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schusdziarra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hausmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wittke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mittermeier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kellner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naumann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of breakfast on daily energy intake an analysis of absolute versus relative breakfast calories]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr J]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>5-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dogui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doggui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Jawaldeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El Ati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El Ati-Hellal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultra-processed foods are the major sources of total fat, saturated and trans-fatty acids among Tunisian preschool and school children a cross-sectional study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Children]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>126</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monzani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ricotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caputo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Archero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A systematic review of the association of skipping breakfast with weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents what should we better investigate in the future]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrients]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>387</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mullan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kothe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An examination of the demographic predictors of adolescent breakfast consumption, content, and context]]></article-title>
<collab>O'Moore K.Pickles K.Sainsbury K</collab>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Publ Health]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>264</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wijtzes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaddoe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VWV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hofman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Lenthe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social inequalities in young children's meal skipping behaviors the Generation R Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El Rhazi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Transition nutritionnelle, facteurs associés et émergence des maladies chroniques au Maroc: étude transversale en population générale adulte]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fes Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cherkaoui Dekkaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mouane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ettair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meskini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouklouze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barkat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of obesity and overweight in children a study in government primary schools in Rabat, Morocco]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Med Res]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>703-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaoutar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hilali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loukid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comportement alimentaire et indice de masse corporelle des adolescents de la Wilaya de Marrakech (Maroc) (Dietary behaviour and body mass index of adolescents in the Wilaya of Marrakesh (Morocco))]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Antropo]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>79-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Devaney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fraker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The dietary impacts of the school breakfast program]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Agric Econ]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>932-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gleason]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Participation in the national school lunch program and the school breakfast program]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>213-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alexander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ventura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spruijt-Metz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weigensberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association of breakfast skipping with visceral fat and insulin indices in overweight Latino youth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Obesity]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1528-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flegal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicholls]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jackson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Body mass index cut-offs to define thinness in children and adolescents international survey]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>335</volume>
<numero>7612</numero>
<issue>7612</issue>
<page-range>194-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bin Zaal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Musaiger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dietary habits associated with obesity among adolescents in Dubai, United Arab Emirates]]></article-title>
<collab>D'Souza R</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr Hosp]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>437-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kawafheh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamdan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abozeid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nawafleh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of health education programs for parents about breakfast on students' breakfast and their academic achievement in the north of Jordan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Adv Nurs Stud]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>84-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abalkhail]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shawky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of daily breakfast intake, iron deficiency anaemia and awareness of being anaemic among Saudi school students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Food Sci Nutr]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>519-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Qudah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Food habits and physical activity patterns among Jordanian adolescents aged 11-18 years]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Appl Sci J]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>29</numero>
<issue>29</issue>
<page-range>1213-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mikki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdul-Rahim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmboe-Ottesen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dietary habits of Palestinian adolescents and associated socio-demographic characteristics in Ramallah, Nablus and Hebron governorates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Public Health Nutr]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1419-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of and factors associated with various level of body weight among Inner Mongolia medical students in China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Open J Prev Med]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>02</volume>
<numero>02</numero>
<issue>02</issue>
<page-range>123-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJQ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RCN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The prevalence of obesity among clinical students in a Malaysian medical school]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Singapore Med J]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>126-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schusdziarra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hausmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wittke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mittermeier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kellner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naumann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of breakfast on daily energy intake-an analysis of absolute versus relative breakfast calories]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr J]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>105-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Griffiths]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Children's perceptions of parental attitude affecting breakfast skipping in primary sixth-grade students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Sch Health]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>203-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siega-Riz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Popkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trends in breakfast consumption for children in the United States from 1965-1991]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>1965</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michaud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Musse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicolas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mejean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutrient intakes and food consumption in the adolescent's schoolday breakfast in Lorraine (France)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr Res]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1195-203</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cornelius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Health habits of school-age children]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Health Care Poor Underserved]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>374-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AlBashtawy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Batiha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tawalbeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tubaishat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AlAzzam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Self-medication among school students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Sch Nurs]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>110-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akimitsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krejci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taniwaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Can breakfast tryptophan and vitamin B6 intake and morning exposure to sunlight promote morning-typology in young children aged 2 to 6 years]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Physiol Anthropol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yahia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Achkar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdallah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rizk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Eating habits and obesity among Lebanese university students]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr J]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>32</numero>
<issue>32</issue>
<page-range>32-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mullan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A systematic review of the quality, content, and context of breakfast consumption]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr Food Sci]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>81-114</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hulshof]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Löwik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kok]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wedel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brants]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hermus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diet and other life-style factors in high and low socio-economic groups (Dutch Nutrition Surveillance System)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>441-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McIntyre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A survey of breakfast-skipping and inadequate breakfast-eating among young schoolchildren in Nova Scotia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Can J Public Health]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>410-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McIntyre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horbul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A survey of breakfast-eating among young schoolchildren in Northeastern Ontario]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Can J Public Health]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>305-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Popkin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global nutrition dynamics the world is shifting rapidly toward a diet linked with non-communicable diseases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>289-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khatib]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Noncommunicable diseases risk factors and regional strategies for prevention and care]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[East Mediterr Health]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>778-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berkey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rockett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Field]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gillman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colditz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sugar-added beverages and adolescent weight change]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Obes Res]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>778-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
