José Caetano*

Aurora Galego*

Sofia Costa*

Neste artigo tratamos de eventuais consequências para Portugal decorrentes do alargamento da União Europeia. Assumindo que o reforço da integração e a maior concorrência provocarão profundos ajustamentos sócio-económicos, afectando a localização das actividades e os fluxos comerciais, financeiros e tecnológicos, admitimos que os impactos sectoriais e regionais serão distintos. Assim, tratamos especificamente de questões relacionadas com o mercado laboral, com a pobreza e a desigualdade, assim como das politícas sociais. Da análise das características do mercado do trabalho e das políticas sociais em Portugal resulta a convicção de que a dimensão social poderá ser vulnerável, não tanto pelos efeitos directos do alargamento, mas devido às debilidades estruturais em que aquele mercado funciona, às dinâmicas das situações de pobreza e de exclusão e às restrições impostas ao uso da política fiscal e orçamental enquanto mecanismos de ajustamento.

Palavras-chave: Alargamento da União Europeia, Mercado de trabalho, União Europeia, Políticas sociais, Portugal

Le Portugal et l’élargissement de l’Union Européenne: quelques impacts socio-économiques

Ce travail traite les éventuelles conséquences sociales, pour le Portugal, qui résultent du récent élargissement de l’Union Européenne. C’est ainsi que, en assumant que le renforcement de l’intégration et la plus grand concurrence ne manquera pas de provoquer de profonds ajustements socio-économiques, affectant la localisation des activités et les flux commerciaux, financiers et technologiques à l’échelle européenne, nous admettons que les impacts sectoriels et régionaux seront différenciés. Sur base de cette assomption, nous traitons spécifiquement les questions liées au marché du travail, telles le chômage, la pauvreté et l’inégalité, ainsi que les aspects des politiques sociales et du travail qui leur sont associées. De l’analyse des caractéristiques du marché du travail et des politiques sociales au Portugal, résulte la conviction que la dimension sociale pourra se révéler extrêmement vulnérable, non pas tant à cause des effets directs de l’élargissement, mais en raison des débilités structurelles sur lesquelles repose le marché du travail, en raison des dynamiques récentes des situations de pauvreté et d’exclusion et des restrictions imposées à l’utilisation de la politique fiscale et budgétaire pour accommoder les coûts sociaux inhérents au processus de réajustement.

Portugal and the enlargement of the European Union: aspects of the social and economic impact

This article looks at the possible social consequences arising for Portugal as a result of the recent enlargement of the European Union. Starting out from the assumption that stronger integration and competition will require profound social and economic adjustments which will affect choice of business location, trade, financial and technology flows in the whole of Europe, we believe that the sectoral and regional impact will be different. On the basis of this assumption, we deal specifically with issues relating to the labour market, such as unemployment, poverty and inequality, and with aspects of related labour and social policies. From our analysis of the labour market and social policies in Portugal we are convinced that there will be major vulnerabilities in the social sphere, not so much as a result of enlargement, but on account of the structural weaknesses of the labour market, recent trends in poverty and exclusion situations and restrictions on the use of fiscal and budgetary policy in dealing with the social costs involved in the process of readjustment.

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* Universidade de Évora.