<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0003-2573</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Análise Social]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Anál. Social]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0003-2573</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0003-25732006000400003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[A experimentação humana e a crise da auto-regulação da biomedicina]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[L’expérimentation humaine et la crise de l’autorégulation de la biomédecine]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Human experimentation and the crisis of self-regulation in biomedicine]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cascais]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[António Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Nova de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>181</numero>
<fpage>1011</fpage>
<lpage>1031</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0003-25732006000400003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0003-25732006000400003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0003-25732006000400003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[A experimentação biomédica em seres humanos é o campo onde começou por se jogar a sorte da regulação paritária da actividade médico-científica, cuja irreversível crise constituirá, por sua vez, a condição maior de emergência da bioética contemporânea. Fruto e expressão dessa crise, cabe à bioética obviar às tentativas de ser reduzida, quer a uma simples deontologia médica, quer a uma moral teológica aplicada.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[L’expérimentation biomédicale sur les êtres humains est le premier domaine sur lequel s’est joué le sort de la régulation paritaire de l’activité médico-scientifique, dont l’irréversible crise constituera, à son tour, la condition majeure de l’émergence de la bioéthique contemporaine. Parce qu’elle est le fruit et l’expression de cette crise, c’est à la bioéthique de parer aux tentatives d’être réduite, soit à une simple déontologie médicale, soit à une morale théologique appliquée.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Biomedical experimentation in human beings is a field in which, initially, the fate of equitable regulation of scientific medical activity was played out. The crisis in this field will in turn be the principal condition for the emergence of a contemporary bioethics. Bioethics is the outcome and the expression of that crisis: it must resist attempts to reduce it either to a simple code of medical ethics, or to a system of applied moral theology.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Experimentação biomédica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Experimentação humana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Bioética]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p><b>A experimenta&ccedil;&atilde;o humana e a crise da auto-regula&ccedil;&atilde;o    da biomedicina </b></p>     <p>Ant&oacute;nio Fernando Cascais<a href="#1">* </a><a name="TOP1"></a></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify">A experimenta&ccedil;&atilde;o biom&eacute;dica em seres humanos    &eacute; o campo onde come&ccedil;ou por se jogar a sorte da regula&ccedil;&atilde;o    parit&aacute;ria da actividade m&eacute;dico-cient&iacute;fica, cuja irrevers&iacute;vel    crise constituir&aacute;, por sua vez, a condi&ccedil;&atilde;o maior de emerg&ecirc;ncia    da bio&eacute;tica contempor&acirc;nea. Fruto e express&atilde;o dessa crise,    cabe &agrave; bio&eacute;tica obviar &agrave;s tentativas de ser reduzida, quer    a uma simples deontologia m&eacute;dica, quer a uma moral teol&oacute;gica aplicada.</p>     <p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: Experimenta&ccedil;&atilde;o biom&eacute;dica,    Experimenta&ccedil;&atilde;o humana, Bio&eacute;tica </p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>L&#8217;exp&eacute;rimentation humaine et la crise de l&#8217;autor&eacute;gulation    de la biom&eacute;decine </b></p>     <p align="justify">L&#8217;exp&eacute;rimentation biom&eacute;dicale sur les &ecirc;tres    humains est le premier domaine sur lequel s&#8217;est jou&eacute; le sort de    la r&eacute;gulation paritaire de l&#8217;activit&eacute; m&eacute;dico-scientifique,    dont l&#8217;irr&eacute;versible crise constituera, &agrave; son tour, la condition    majeure de l&#8217;&eacute;mergence de la bio&eacute;thique contemporaine. Parce    qu&#8217;elle est le fruit et l&#8217;expression de cette crise, c&#8217;est    &agrave; la bio&eacute;thique de parer aux tentatives d&#8217;&ecirc;tre r&eacute;duite,    soit &agrave; une simple d&eacute;ontologie m&eacute;dicale, soit &agrave; une    morale th&eacute;ologique appliqu&eacute;e.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>Human experimentation and the crisis of self-regulation in biomedicine    </b></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify">Biomedical experimentation in human beings is a field in which,    initially, the fate of equitable regulation of scientific medical activity was    played out. The crisis in this field will in turn be the principal condition    for the emergence of a contemporary bioethics. Bioethics is the outcome and    the expression of that crisis: it must resist attempts to reduce it either to    a simple code of medical ethics, or to a system of applied moral theology.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format. </p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><B>Bibliografia</B>      <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Agamben, G. (1997), <I>Homo sacer. Le pouvoir souverain et    la vie nue, </I>Paris, Seuil.      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000019&pid=S0003-2573200600040000300001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Annas, G. J., e Grodin, M. A. (orgs.) (1992), <I>The Nazi Doctors    and the Nuremberg Code: Human Rights an Human Experimentation,</I> Oxford, Oxford    University Press.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Archer, L., Biscaia, J., e Osswald, W. (orgs.) (1996), <I>Bio&eacute;tica,</I>    Lisboa, Verbo.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Beauchamp, T., e Childress, J. (1994),<SUP> </SUP><I>Principles    of Biomedical Ethics</I>, Nova Iorque, Oxford University Press, 4.&#170; ed.      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Beecher, H. K. (1966), &#171;Ethics and clinical research&#187;,    in <I>The New England Journal of Medicine,</I> 274, 24, pp. 1354-1360.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Bernard, C. (1978 [1865]), <I>Introdu&ccedil;&atilde;o &agrave;    medicina experimental,</I> trad. de M. J. Marinho, Lisboa, Guimar&atilde;es    Ed.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Burleigh, M. (1997), <I>Ethics and Extermination. Reflections    on Nazi genocide,</I> Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Caplan, A. (org.) (1992), <I>When Medicine Went Mad. Bioethics    and the Holocaust, </I>Totowa, Humana Press.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Cascais, A. F. (2005), &#171;Guerra (in)justa, ci&ecirc;ncia    (im)pura&#187;, in <I>Revista da Faculdade de Ci&ecirc;ncias Sociais e Humanas,</I>    16, pp. 89-118.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Cascais, A. F. (2003), &#171;Utopias biom&eacute;dicas: o corpo    perfeito&#187;, in <I>Cadernos Instituto S&atilde;o Tom&aacute;s de Aquino,</I>    VIII, 15, pp. 54-69.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Cascais, A. F. (2002), &#171;Genealogia, &acirc;mbito e objecto    da bio&eacute;tica&#187;, <I>in</I> J. R. Barbosa, A. Silva e F. M. Vale (orgs.),    <I>Contributos para a Bio&eacute;tica em Portugal,</I> Lisboa, Centro de Bio&eacute;tica    da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa/Ed. Cosmos, pp. 47-136.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Cascais, A. F. (2000), &#171;Bioethical mediation and the unstoppable    course of human experimentation&#187;, <I>in</I> AAVV, <I>World Conference on    Bioethics &#151; Summary of Oral Presentations,</I> Gij&oacute;n, pp. 243-245.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Cascais, A. F. (1998), &#171;La etica de experimentaci&oacute;n    con seres humanos&#187;, in <I>M&eacute;dico Interamericano,</I> 17, 6, pp.    306-312.      <p>Faden, R., Lederer, S. E., e Moreno, J. D. (1996), &#171;US medical researchers,    the Nuremberg doctor's trial, and the Nuremberg Code. A review of findings of    the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments&#187;, in <I>Journal of    the American Medical Association,</I> 276, 20, pp. 1667-1671. </p>     ]]></body>
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<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Jer&oacute;nimo, H. M. (2003), &#171;&Eacute;tica e religi&atilde;o    na sociedade t&eacute;cnico-cient&iacute;fica. A vis&atilde;o dos jesu&iacute;tas    portugueses&#187;, <I>in</I> H. Martins e J. L. Garcia (orgs.), <I>Dilemas da    civiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o tecnol&oacute;gica,</I> Lisboa, Imprensa de Ci&ecirc;ncias    Sociais, pp. 243-264.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Jer&oacute;nimo, H. M. (2002), <I>&Eacute;tica e religi&atilde;o    na sociedade tecnol&oacute;gica. Os Jesu&iacute;tas portugueses e a revista    &#171;Brot&eacute;ria&#187; (1985-2000),</I> Lisboa, Ed. Not&iacute;cias.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Katz, J. (1994), &#171;Reflections on unethical experiments    and the beginnings of bioethics in the United States&#187;, in <I>Kennedy Institute    of Ethics Journal,</I> 4, 2, pp. 85-92.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Kramer, L. (1994), <I>Reports from the Holocaust. The Story    of an AIDS Activist,</I> Nova Iorque, St. Martin's Press.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Krimsky, Sh. (1982), <I>Genetic Alchemy. The Social History    of the Recombinant DNA Controversy,</I> Cambridge, The MIT Press.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">K&uuml;hl, S. (1994), <I>The Nazi Connection. Eugenics, American    Racism, and German National Socialism,</I> Nova Iorque, Oxford University Press.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Levine, R. J. (1994), &#171;The impact of HIV infection on    society's perception of clinical trials&#187;, in<I> Kennedy Institute of Ethics    Journal,</I> 4, 2, pp. 93-98.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Levine, R. J. (1986),<SUP> </SUP><I>Ethics and the Regulation    of Clinical Research,</I> Baltimore/Munique, Urban &amp; Schwarzenberg, 2.&#170;    ed.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Marques, M. S. (2002), &#171;O vinagre e a monarquia. Pequena    hist&oacute;ria das indiferen&ccedil;as em medicina&#187;, <I>in</I> H. Martins    e J. L. Garcia (orgs.), <I>Dilemas da civiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o tecnol&oacute;gica,</I>    Lisboa, Imprensa de Ci&ecirc;ncias Sociais, pp. 169-197.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Marques, M. S. (1999), <I>O espelho declinado. Natureza e legitima&ccedil;&atilde;o    do acto m&eacute;dico, </I>Lisboa, Colibri.      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Martins, H. (2003), &#171;Acelera&ccedil;&atilde;o, progresso    e experimentum humanum&#187;, <I>in</I> H. Martins e J. L. Garcia (orgs.), <I>Dilemas    da civiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o tecnol&oacute;gica,</I> Lisboa, Imprensa de Ci&ecirc;ncias    Sociais, pp. 19-77.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Martins, H. (2002), &#171;A singularidade est&aacute; pr&oacute;xima.    <I>Prepare to meet thy doom!&#187;,</I> <I>in</I> J. A. B. Miranda e M. T. Cruz    (orgs.), <I>Cr&iacute;tica das liga&ccedil;&otilde;es na era da t&eacute;cnica,</I>    Lisboa, Tropismos, pp. 97-105.      <p>Michalczyk, J. J. (org.) (1994), <I>Medicine, Ethics and the Third Reich. Historical    and Contemporary Issues,</I> Kansas City, Sheed &amp; Ward. </p>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Moreno, J. D., e Lederer, S. E. <U>(</U>1996), &#171;Revising    the history of cold war research ethics&#187;, in <I>Kennedy Institute of Ethics    Journal,</I> 6, 3, pp. 223-237.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Moulin, M. (org.) (1990), <I>Contr&ocirc;ler la science? La    question des comit&eacute;s d'&eacute;thique,</I> Bruxelas, De Boeck.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of    Biomedical and Behavioral Research (1979), <I>Ethical Principles and Guidelines    for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research &#151;    The Belmont Report, </I>Washington.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Pellegrino, E. D., e Thomasma, D. C. (1993), <I>The Virtues    in Medical Practice,</I> Nova Iorque, Oxford University Press.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Renneberg, M., e Walker, M. (orgs.) (1994), <I>Science, Technology    and National Socialism, </I>Nova Iorque, Cambridge University Press.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Rothman, David J. (1995), &#171;Research, human: historical    aspects&#187;, <I>in</I> W. T. Reich (org.), <I>Encyclopedia of Bioethics &#151;    Revised Edition,</I> Nova Iorque, Simon &amp; Schuster Macmillan, 4, pp. 2248-2258.      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Shelp, E. E. (1984), <I>Virtue and Medicine,</I> Dordrecht,    D. Reidel Publishing Company.      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Vollmann, J., e Winau, R. (1996), &#171;Informed consent in    human experimentation before the Nuremberg Code&#187;, in <I>British Medical    Journal,</I> 313, 7, pp. 1445-1447.      <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><a href="#TOP1">*</a> <a name="1"></a>Faculdade de Ci&ecirc;ncias Sociais e    Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. </p>     <p>&nbsp; </p>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agamben]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Homo sacer: Le pouvoir souverain et la vie nue]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Seuil]]></publisher-name>
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</back>
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