<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0003-2573</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Análise Social]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Anál. Social]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0003-2573</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0003-25732007000100010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Acção colectiva entre pequenos empresários: uma análise de redes sociais]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Action collective de petits chefs d'entreprises: une analyse de réseaux sociaux]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Collective action in a group of small business owners: an analysis of social networks]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varanda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marta Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Técnica de Lisboa Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão SOCIUS - Centro de investigação em Sociologia Económica e das Organizações]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>182</numero>
<fpage>207</fpage>
<lpage>230</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0003-25732007000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0003-25732007000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0003-25732007000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Este texto tem como objectivo a apresentação de uma análise de redes sociais aplicada a um fenómeno de acção colectiva. A análise de redes sociais engloba um conjunto de teorias, conceitos e métodos que têm como ambição dar conta das relações entre os actores e sistematizá-las de forma rigorosa por forma a compreender as regularidades que apresentam, bem como a sua formação e transformação. O objecto do estudo é a reorganização do comércio de um centro-cidade.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[L'objectif de ce texte est l'analyse de réseaux sociaux applicable à un phénomène d'action collective. Cette analyse englobe un ensemble de théories, de concepts et de méthodes dont le but est de nous révéler les rapports existants entre les acteurs et de les systématiser d'une manière rigoureuse. Ce qui nous permet de comprendre leurs régularités, ainsi que leur formation et transformation. L'étude concerne la réorganisation du commerce dans un centre-ville.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This article analyzes social networks in a context of collective action. Social network analyses seek to apply a set of theories, concepts and methods, the aims of which are to describe relationships between the actors involved and organize them in a precise way so as to understand their patterns of regularity, the way they are formed, and how they change. The object of study is a reorganization of the retail trade in a city centre.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[redes sociais]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[acção colectiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pequenos empresários]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[réseaux sociaux]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[action collective]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[petits chefs d'entreprises]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social networks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[collective action]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[small business owners]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p><b>Ac&ccedil;&atilde;o colectiva entre pequenos empres&aacute;rios: uma an&aacute;lise    de redes sociais</b><a href="#1">**</a><a name="top1"></a></p>       <p>&nbsp;</p>       <p>Marta Pedro Varanda<a href="#2">*</a><a name="top2"></a></p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <P align="justify">Este texto tem como objectivo a apresenta&ccedil;&atilde;o    de uma an&aacute;lise de redes sociais aplicada a um fen&oacute;meno de ac&ccedil;&atilde;o    colectiva. A an&aacute;lise de redes sociais engloba um conjunto de teorias,    conceitos e m&eacute;todos que t&ecirc;m como ambi&ccedil;&atilde;o dar conta    das rela&ccedil;&otilde;es entre os actores e sistematiz&aacute;-las de forma    rigorosa por forma a compreender as regularidades que apresentam, bem como a    sua forma&ccedil;&atilde;o e transforma&ccedil;&atilde;o. O objecto do estudo    &eacute; a reorganiza&ccedil;&atilde;o do com&eacute;rcio de um centro-cidade.</p>     <P align="justify"><B>Palavras-chave:</B> redes sociais; ac&ccedil;&atilde;o colectiva;    pequenos empres&aacute;rios.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <P><B> Action collective de petits chefs  d'entreprises: une analyse de r&eacute;seaux sociaux</B></p>      <P align="justify">L'objectif de ce texte est l'analyse de r&eacute;seaux sociaux    applicable &agrave; un ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne d'action collective. Cette analyse    englobe un ensemble de th&eacute;ories, de concepts et de m&eacute;thodes dont    le but est de nous r&eacute;v&eacute;ler les rapports existants entre les acteurs    et de les syst&eacute;matiser d'une mani&egrave;re rigoureuse. Ce qui nous permet    de comprendre leurs r&eacute;gularit&eacute;s, ainsi que leur formation et transformation.    L'&eacute;tude concerne la r&eacute;organisation du commerce dans un centre-ville.  </P>     <P align="justify"><B>Mots cl&eacute;s:</B> r&eacute;seaux sociaux; action collective;    petits chefs d'entreprises. </P>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>      <P><B>Collective action in a group of small  business owners: an analysis of social networks</B></p>      <P align="justify">This article analyzes social networks in a context of collective    action. Social network analyses seek to apply a set of theories, concepts and    methods, the aims of which are to describe relationships between the actors    involved and organize them in a precise way so as to understand their patterns    of regularity, the way they are formed, and how they change. The object of study    is a reorganization of the retail trade in a city centre. </P>     <P align="justify"><B>Keywords:</B> social networks; collective action; small    business owners.</P>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <P ALIGN="CENTER"><B>BIBLIOGRAFIA</B></p>       <!-- ref --><p>Abell, P. (1992), &#171;Is rational choice theory a rational    choice of theory?&#187;, <I>in</I> J. Coleman e T. Fararo (orgs.), <I>Rational    Choice Theory: Advocacy and Critique,</I> Newbury Park, Sage Publications, pp.    183-206.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000022&pid=S0003-2573200700010001000001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>Bechhofer, F., e Elliott, B. (1981), &#171;Petty property:    the survival of a moral economy&#187;, <I>in </I>F. Bechhofer e B. Elliott (orgs.),    <I>The Petite Bourgeoisie: Comparative Studies of the Uneasy Stratum,</I> Nova    Iorque, St. Martin's Press, Inc., pp. 182-200.</p>      <p>Borgatti, S., Everett, M., e Freeman, L. C. (1999), <I>UCINET    5.0 Version 1.00,</I> Natick, Analytic Technologies.</p>      <p>Borgatti, S., e Everett, M. (1992), &#171;Networks of position    in social network analysis&#187;, in <I>Sociological Methodology,</I> 22, pp.    1-35.</p>      <p>Bourricaud, F. (1961), <I>Esquisse d'une th&eacute;orie de    l'authorit&eacute;,</I> Paris, Plon. </p>     <p>Bowman, J. (1989), <I>Capitalist Collective Action, Competition,    Cooperation and Conflict in the Coal Industry,</I> Nova Iorque, Cambridge University    Press. </p>     <p>Brass, D. J., e Burkhardt, M. E. (1992), &#171;Centrality and    power in organisations&#187;, <I>in </I>N. Nohria e R. Eccles (orgs.), <I>Networks    and Organizations,</I> Boston, Harvard Business School Press, pp. 191-215.</p>      <p>Coleman, J. S., Katz, E., e Menzel, H. (1966), <I>Medical Innovation,</I>    Nova Iorque, Bobs Merrill.</p>      <p>Collins, R. (988), <I>Theoretical Sociology,</I> San Diego,    Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers.</p>      <p>Crozier, M., e Friedberg, E. (1977), <I>L'Acteur et le syst&egrave;me,</I>    Paris, &Eacute;ditions du Seuil.</p>      <p>Durkheim, E. (1977 [1893]), <I>A Divis&atilde;o do Trabalho    Social,</I> Lisboa, Editorial Presen&ccedil;a.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Festinger, L., Schachter, S., e Back, K. (1950), <I>Social    Pressures in Informal Groups: a<B> </B>Study of Human Factors in Housing,</I>    Calif&oacute;rnia, Stanford University Press.</p>      <p>Freeman, L. (1979), &#171;Centrality in social networks conceptual    clarification&#187;, in <I>Social Networks,</I> 1, pp. 215-239. </p>     <p>Granovetter, M. (1985), &#171;Economic action and social structure:    the problem of embeddedness&#187;, in <I>American Journal of Sociology,</I>    91, pp. 481-510. </p>     <p>Granovetter, M. (1990), &#171;The old and the new economic    sociology&#187;, <I>in </I>R. Friedland e A. F. Robertson (orgs.), <I>Beyond    the Marketplace: Rethinking Economy and Society,</I> Nova Iorque, Aldine de    Gruyter, pp. 89-112. </p>     <p>Granovetter, M. (1993), &#171;The nature of economic relationships&#187;,    <I>in </I>R. Swedberg (org.), <I>Explorations in Economic Sociology,</I> Nova    Iorque, Russell Sage Foundation.</p>      <p>Hechter, M. (1984), &#171;When actors comply: monitoring costs and the production    of social order&#187;, in<I> Acta Sociologica,</I> 27, pp. 161-183.</p>      <p>Homans, G. (1950), <I>The Human Group, </I>Nova Iorque, Harcourt    Brace. </p>     <p>Hosmer, D. W., e Lemeshow, S. (1989), <I>Applied Logistic Regression,    </I>Nova Iorque, John Wiley and Sons.</p>      <p>Lazega, E. (1998), <I>R&eacute;seaux sociaux et structures    relationnelles,</I> Paris, PUF.</p>     <p>Lazega, E. (2001), <I>The Collegial Phenomenon,</I> Oxford, Oxford    University Press.</p>      ]]></body>
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<body><![CDATA[<p>Snow, D. A., Zurcher, L. A., e Ekland-Olson, S. (1980), &#171;Social    networks and social movements: a microstructural approach to differential recruitment&#187;,    in <I>American Sociological Review,</I> 45, pp. 787-801.</p>      <p>Varanda, M. (2000), &#171;An&aacute;lise de redes sociais e    sua aplica&ccedil;&atilde;o ao estudo das organiza&ccedil;&otilde;es&#187;,    in<I> Organiza&ccedil;&otilde;es e trabalho,</I> 23, pp. 87-106.</p>      <p>Varanda, M. (2003), <I>Le probl&egrave;me de l'action collective    entre petits patrons: le cas des commer&ccedil;ants dans un centre-ville,</I>    tese de doutoramento, Universit&eacute; des Sciences et Technologies de Lille.</p>      <p>Varanda, M. (2005), <I>La r&eacute;organisation du commerce    d'un centre-ville: r&eacute;sistance et obstacles &agrave; l'action collective,</I>    Paris, L'Harmattan. </p>     <p>Vogt, W. P. (1999), <I>Dictionary of Statistics and Methodology,</I>    Londres, Sage Publications.</p>      <p>Wasserman, S., e Faust, K. (1994), <I>Social Network Analysis:    Methods and<B> </B>Applications, </I>Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.</p>      <p>White, H., Boorman, S., e Breiger, R. (1976), &#171;Social    structures from multiple networks&#187;, i, blockmodels of roles and positions&#187;,    in<I> American Journal of Sociology<B>,</B></I> 81, pp. 730-780. </p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><a href="#top2">*</a><a name="2" id="2"></a> ISEG (Instituto Superior de Economia    e Gest&atilde;o)/UTL e SOCIUS (Centro de investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o em sociologia    econ&oacute;mica e das organiza&ccedil;&otilde;es).</p>      <p><a href="#top1">**</a><a name="1"></a> Esta investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o foi    realizada com o apoio da Funda&ccedil;&atilde;o para a Ci&ecirc;ncia e Tecnologia,    que financiou o projecto PRAXIS/P/SOC/11214/1998.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Is rational choice theory a rational choice of theory?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coleman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fararo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rational Choice Theory: Advocacy and Critique]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<page-range>183-206</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Newbury Park ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage Publications]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
