<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0003-2573</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Análise Social]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Anál. Social]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0003-2573</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0003-25732021000100056</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31447/as00032573.2021238.03</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ITQs, common fisheries policy, and stakeholders&#8217; perceptions]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[ITQ, política comum de pescas e as perceções dos stakeholders.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Rosa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cá]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Domingos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coelho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel Pacheco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Lisboa ISEG UECE]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>30</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>238</numero>
<fpage>56</fpage>
<lpage>82</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0003-25732021000100056&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0003-25732021000100056&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0003-25732021000100056&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract ITQs, Common Fisheries Policy, and stakeholders&#8217; perceptions. Rights Based Management (RBM) schemes have already been experimented with in specific fisheries and locations. The lessons given by these experiences are fundamental to explore the feasibility of such tools and their social, economic, and environmental impacts. In this paper we analyze the possibility of introducing a more focused approach on RBM, in the form of Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) in the Common Fisheries Policy. Using Stakeholders Analysis, we analyze and report the different perceptions of the Portuguese stakeholders facing this situation. We conclude that the introduction of ITQs tends to increase market concentration in the sector, triggering serious social problems for locals.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo O uso de instrumentos de mercado baseados na gestão de direitos de propriedade tem tido alguma expressão no sector das pescas. A avaliação dos impactos ambientais, económicos e sociais deste tipo de instrumentos revela-se essencial para avaliar a viabilidade da generalização destes métodos na Política Comum de Pescas (PCP) da União Europeia, sob a forma de Quotas Individuais Transferíveis (ITQ). A análise das perceções dos stakeholders portugueses, permite concluir que a provável monopolização do sector e as dificuldades acrescidas de ordem social nas zonas costeiras muito dependentes da pesca constituem, na ótica portuguesa, o principal óbice à generalização das ITQ.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Common Fisheries Policy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[individual transferable quotas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[stakeholders&#8217; perceptions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social and economic impacts]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Política Comum de Pescas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Quotas Individuais Transferíveis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[perceção dos stakeholders]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[impactos económicos e sociais]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AANESEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What does stakeholder involvement mean for fisheries management?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology and Society]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ARNASON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review of International Experiences with ITQs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CEMARE]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Portsmouth ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ARNASON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Property rights in fisheries: Iceland&#8217;s experience with ITQs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review in Fish Biology and Fisheries]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>243-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BARKIN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DESOMBRE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Saving Global Fisheries: Reducing Fishing Capacity to Promote Sustainability]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BECKER-WEINBERG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Portugal&#8217;s legal regime on marine spatial planning and management of the national maritime space]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Policy]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<page-range>46-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BERTOLOTTI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Individual transferable quotas in Argentina: policy and performance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Policy]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>71</numero>
<issue>71</issue>
<page-range>132-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BIRKENBACH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KACZAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SMITH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Catch shares slow the race to Fish]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>544</volume>
<page-range>223</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BRINSON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[THUNBERG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance of federally managed catch share fisheries in the United States]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fisheries Research]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>179</volume>
<page-range>213-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CÁ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Quotas Individuais Transferíveis e Reforma da Política Comum de Pescas]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ISEG, Universidade de Lisboa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CHEVALIER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Stakeholder Analysis and Natural Resource Management]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ottawa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Carleton University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CHRISTY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Northwest Atlantic fisheries arrangements: a test of the species approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ocean Development and International Law Journal]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>65-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CHU]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thirty years later: the global growth of ITQs and their influence on stock status in marine fisheries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fish and Fisheries]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>217-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CLARK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bio-Economic Modelling and Fisheries Management]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley &amp; Sons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CLARK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Worldwide Crisis in Fisheries: Economic Models and Human Behavio]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CLARK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MUNRO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SUMAILA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Limits to the privatization of fishery resources]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Land Economics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<page-range>209-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[COELHO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Common fisheries policy: the &#8216;limits to privatization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Análise Europeia. Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Estudos Europeus]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>38-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[COELHO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LOPES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PIRES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lessons from the &#8220;turbot war&#8221;: the future of high seas governance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aquatic Living Resources]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>COMISSÃO DAS COMUNIDADES EUROPEIAS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicação ao Conselho. COM (76) 500 final de 23 Set/76]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brussels ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[COPES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A critical review of the individual quota as a device in fisheries management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Land Economics]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>278-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[COPES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social impacts of fisheries management regimes based on individual quotas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Discussion Paper 96 - 2]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Canada ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Institute of Fisheries Analysis, Simon Fraser University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[COSTELLO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GAINES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LYNHAM]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Can catch shares prevent fisheries collapse?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>321</volume>
<page-range>1678-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CULLENBERG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Turning the tide: how can Alaska address the graying of the fleet and loss of rural fisheries access]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AMCCaAS]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>1-42</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Grant Edition, Anchorage University of Alaska Fairbanks]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CUNNINGHAM]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Outcome of the Workshop on Individual Quota Management. In the Use of Individual Quota Sin Fisheries Management]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OECD]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DAVIS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RYER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Understanding fish bycatch discard and escapee immortality]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Alaska Fisheries Science Centre Quarterly Report]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>DGRM</collab>
<collab>Ministério da Agricultura e do Mar</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Plano Estratégico para a Aquicultura Portuguesa 2014-2020]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ERNST &amp; YOUNG</collab>
<collab>AUGUSTO MATEUS &amp; ASSOCIADOS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Avaliação da Implementação do Programa Operacional Mar2020, Final Report]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FERREIRA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contributions towards maritime spatial planning (MSP) in Portugal, Conference report]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Policy]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<page-range>61-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FREEDMAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Strategic Management: a Stakeholder Approach]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GOMES-LOBO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TORRES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BARRÍA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ITQs in Chile: Measuring the Economic Benefits of Reform]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Resource Economics]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>651-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GRAFTON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rent capture in an individual transferable quota fishery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>497-503</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GORDON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The economic theory of a common property resource: the fishery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Political Economy]]></source>
<year>1954</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<page-range>124-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GRIMM]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing catch shares&#8217; effects: evidence from Federal United States and associated British Columbian fisheries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Policy]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>644-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GRIMBLE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WELLARD]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stakeholder methodologies in natural resource management: a review of principles, contexts, experiences and opportunities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agricultural Systems]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>173-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HILBORN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ORENSANZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PARMA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Institutions, Incentives and the Future of Fisheries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>360</volume>
<numero>1453</numero>
<issue>1453</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HOLDEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GARROD]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Common Fisheries Policy]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wiley]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HSUEH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quasi-experimental evidence on the rights to fish: the effects of catch shares on Fisherman&#8217;s days at sea]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>407-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[IMPERIAL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[YANDLE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Taking institutions seriously: using the IAD framework to analyse fisheries policy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Society and Natural Resources]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>493-509</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>INE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estatísticas da Pesca, 2019]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KNAOO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Local permit ownership in Alaska salmon fisheries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Policy]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>658-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MACKINSON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Engaging stakeholders in fisheries and marine research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Policy]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>18-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MERAYO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Are individual transferable quotas an adequate solution to overfishing and overcapacity? Evidence from Danish fisheries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Policy]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<page-range>167-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MIKALSEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JENTOFT]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From user-groups to stakeholders? The public interest in fisheries management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Policy]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>281-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MICHANEK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CHRISTIERNSSON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adaptive management of marine ecosystems - About time to include fisheries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scandinavian Studies in Law]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<page-range>201-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MILIKEN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Individual transferable fishing quotas and antitrust law]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ocean and Coastal Law Journal]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>35-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MITCHELL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AGLE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WOOD]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: defining the principle of who and what really counts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Academy of Management Review]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>853-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MUNRO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impacts of harvesting rights in Canadian Pacific fisheries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Statistics and Economic Analysis Series]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>1-3</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ottawa, Canada ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[NUNAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Compliance, corruption and co-management: how corruption fuels illegalities and undermines the legitimacy of fisheries co-management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of the Commons]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>58-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[OLSON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Understanding and contextualizing social impacts from the privatization of fisheries: an overview]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ocean &amp; Coastal Management]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>353-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PASCUAL-FERNANDEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PITA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BAVINCK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Small-Scale Fisheries in Europe: Status, Resilience and Governance]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer, MARE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PINKERTON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alternatives to ITQs in equity-efficiency-effectiveness trade-offs: how the lay-up system spread effort in the BC halibut fishery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Policy]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>5-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PINKERTON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[EDWARDS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The elephant in the room: the hidden costs of leasing individual transferable fishing quotas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Policy]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>707-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RAMIREZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stakeholder analysis and conflict management]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buckles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cultivating Peace: Conflict and Collaboration in Natural Resource Management]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IDRC and World Bank Institute]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RÖCKMANN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The added value of participatory modelling in fisheries management - what has been learnt?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Policy]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>1072-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>SAER - Sociedade de Avaliação Estratégica e Risco</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica, Estudo de Avaliação Ex-Ante e de Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica do Plano Operacional do Fundo Europeu dos Assuntos Marítimos e das Pescas (FEAMP) para o período de programação 2014-2020]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SANTIAGO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is Europe ready for a results-based approach to fisheries management? The voice of stakeholders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Policy]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<page-range>86-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SOLIMAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Impacts of Individual Transferable Quotas in Canadian Sablefish Fisheries: an Economic Analysis]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Vancouver ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of British Columbia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SOLIMAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Using transferable quotas (ITQs) to achieve social policy objectives: a proposed intervention]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Policy]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>76-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SOLIMAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Individual transferable quotas in world fisheries: addressing legal and rights-based issues]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ocean &amp; Coastal Management]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<page-range>102-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SQUIRES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Controlling excess capacity in common-pool resource industries: the transition from input to output Controls]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>361-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[STAGE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CHRISTIERNSSON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SODERHOLM]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The economics of the Swedish individual transferable quota system: experiences and policy implications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Policy]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<page-range>15-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[STEWART]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CALLEGHER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quota concentration in the New Zealand fishery: annual catch entitlement and the small fisher]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Marine Policy]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>631-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WINGARD]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Community transferable quotas: internalizing externalities and minimizing social impacts of fisheries management]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Human Organization]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<page-range>48-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[YOUNG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Moving beyond panaceas in fisheries governance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PNAS]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>115</volume>
<numero>37</numero>
<issue>37</issue>
<page-range>9065-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[WISE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Common Fisheries Policy of the European Community]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Methuen]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
