<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0254-0223</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ciência Téc. Vitiv.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0254-0223</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INIAV - DOIS PORTOS (Ex-Estação Vitivinícola Nacional)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0254-02232002000100002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Determinação do Zinco em Vinhos por Espectrofotometria de Absorção Atómica com Chama]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Determination of zinc in wine by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Determination du zinc dans les vins par spectrometrie d&#8217;absorption atomique de flamme]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Catarino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sofia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Curvelo-Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. Bruno de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,MADRP - Ministério da Agricultura, do Desenvolvimento Rural e das Pescas INIAP - Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e das Pescas EVN - Estação Vitivinícola Nacional]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Dois Portos ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,ISA - Instituto Superior de Agronomia Departamento de Química Agrícola e Ambiental ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2002</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2002</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>15</fpage>
<lpage>26</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0254-02232002000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0254-02232002000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0254-02232002000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[O doseamento do zinco (Zn) em vinhos justifica-se pelo seu potencial efeito tóxico sob o organismo humano e ainda por se encontrar na origem de acidentes de estabilidade fisicoquímica. No presente artigo, é apresentada a descrição e caracterização intralaboratorial do método de determinação analítica do teor total de Zn em vinhos por espectrofotometria de absorção atómica com chama. A praticabilidade, especificidade, modelo matemático da curva de calibração, limites analíticos, taxas de recuperação e aplicabilidade, repetibilidade e reprodutibilidade intralaboratorial, são algumas das características avaliadas, tendo sido utilizados vinhos brancos, tintos e licorosos para o seu estudo. O método analítico, de elevada especificidade, permite quantificar teores superiores a 0,1 mg/L, com elevada precisão (CVr < 3,0%; CV R < 8,5%). A curva de calibração que descreve a gama de trabalho (0 a 2 mg/L) apresenta desvio à linearidade, sendo representada por um polinómio de 3º grau (y = a + bx + cx² + dx³). As taxas de recuperação determinadas nos diversos vinhos variam entre 83,09% e 101,06%.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The determination of zinc in wine is important because this metal is toxic and may involve haze formation during wine storage. This paper describes the determination of total contents of zinc in wine by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The method was validated and its analytical characteristics were checked (praticability, specificity, algorithm calibration curve, analytical limits, acurracy and precision: repeatability and reproducibility). White, red and fortified wines were used. Within a limited concentration range (0 to 2 mg/dm³), there is some deviation to linearity and a cubic polynomial is a better fit (y = a + bx + cx² + dx³). The quantification limit for zinc was 0,1 mg/dm³ . Spiking wine samples with aqueous zinc gave recoveries between 83,09% and 101,06%. Replicate of 11 wine samples, at several concentration levels, gave relative standard deviations better than 3,0% (n = 10), indicating that the analytical method is of high precision.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[L&#8217;importance du dosage du zinc (Zn) dans les vins est lié à sa toxicité pour l&#8217;homme et encore aux problèmes de stabilité physico-chimique qu&#8217; il pourra être siège. Dans cet article, on présente la description et la caractérisation intralaboratoire de la méthode de détermination analytique du teneur total de Zn des vins par spéctrophotométrie d&#8217; absorption atomique avec flamme. La practicabilité, la spécificité, le modèle mathématique de la courbe de calibration, les limites analytiques, les taux de récupération et aplicabilité (exactitude), la répétabilité et la réprodutibilité intralaboratoire (fidélité) sont quelques-unes des caractéristiques évaluées. Cet étude a été appliqué à des vins blancs, rouges et de licqueur. La méthode analytique, de très grande spécificité, permet quantifier des teneurs supérieurs à 0,1 mg/dm³, avec une grande précision (CV³) est écartée de la linéarité; elle est bien décrite par un polynôme du trosième degré (y = a + bx + cx² + dx³). Les taux de récupération déterminés varient entre 83,09 % et 101,06 %.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[vinho]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[zinco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[espectrofotometria de absorção atómica com chama]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[validação do método]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[wine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[zinc]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[flame atomic absorption spectrometry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[validation of the method]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><b>Determina&ccedil;&atilde;o do Zinco em Vinhos por Espectrofotometria    de Absor&ccedil;&atilde;o At&oacute;mica com Chama. </b></p>     <p align="center"><b>Valida&ccedil;&atilde;o do M&eacute;todo de An&aacute;lise</b></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center">Sofia Catarino<Sup>1,2</Sup>, A.S. Curvelo-Garcia<Sup>1</Sup>,    R. Bruno de Sousa<Sup>2 </Sup></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center"><Sup>1 </Sup>INIA. Esta&ccedil;&atilde;o Vitivin&iacute;cola    Nacional. 2565-191 Dois Portos. Portugal. E-mail: <a href="mailto:inia.evn@oninet.pt">inia.evn@oninet.pt</a></p>     <p align="center"> <Sup>2 </Sup>Instituto Superior de Agronomia &#150; Departamento    de Qu&iacute;mica Agr&iacute;cola e Ambiental. Tapada da Ajuda. 1349-017 Lisboa.    Portugal. E-mail: <a href="mailto:brunosousa@isa.utl.pt">brunosousa@isa.utl.pt</a>  </p>     <p align="center"><I>(Manuscrito recebido em 27.02.02. Aceite para publica&ccedil;&atilde;o    em 21.05.02.) </I></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="center">RESUMO </p>     <p>O doseamento do zinco (Zn) em vinhos justifica-se pelo seu potencial efeito t&oacute;xico sob o organismo humano e ainda por se encontrar na origem de acidentes de estabilidade fisicoqu&iacute;mica. No presente artigo, &eacute; apresentada a descri&ccedil;&atilde;o e caracteriza&ccedil;&atilde;o intralaboratorial do m&eacute;todo de determina&ccedil;&atilde;o anal&iacute;tica do teor total de Zn em vinhos por espectrofotometria de absor&ccedil;&atilde;o at&oacute;mica com chama. A praticabilidade, especificidade, modelo matem&aacute;tico da curva de calibra&ccedil;&atilde;o, limites anal&iacute;ticos, taxas de recupera&ccedil;&atilde;o e aplicabilidade, repetibilidade e reprodutibilidade intralaboratorial, s&atilde;o algumas das caracter&iacute;sticas avaliadas, tendo sido utilizados vinhos brancos, tintos e licorosos para o seu estudo. O m&eacute;todo anal&iacute;tico, de elevada especificidade, permite quantificar teores superiores a 0,1 mg/L, com elevada precis&atilde;o (CV<Sub>r </Sub>< 3,0%; CV<Sub>R </Sub>< 8,5%). A curva de calibra&ccedil;&atilde;o que descreve a gama de trabalho (0 a 2 mg/L) apresenta desvio &agrave; linearidade, sendo representada por um polin&oacute;mio de 3&ordm; grau (y = a + bx + cx<Sup>2</Sup> + dx<Sup>3</Sup>). As taxas de recupera&ccedil;&atilde;o determinadas nos diversos vinhos variam entre 83,09% e 101,06%. </p>     <p><b>Palavras chave</b>: vinho, zinco, espectrofotometria de absor&ccedil;&atilde;o    at&oacute;mica com chama, valida&ccedil;&atilde;o do m&eacute;todo </p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center">SUMMARY </p>     <p align="center"><b>Determination of zinc in wine by flame atomic absorption    spectrometry (FAAS). </b></p>     <p align="center"><b>Validation of the analytical method </b></p>     <p>The determination of zinc in wine is important because this metal is toxic    and may involve haze formation during wine storage. This paper describes the    determination of total contents of zinc in wine by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.    The method was validated and its analytical characteristics were checked (praticability,    specificity, algorithm calibration curve, analytical limits, acurracy and precision:    repeatability and reproducibility). White, red and fortified wines were used.    Within a limited concentration range (0 to 2 mg/dm<Sup>3</Sup>), there is some    deviation to linearity and a cubic polynomial is a better fit (y = a + bx +    cx<Sup>2</Sup> + dx<Sup>3</Sup>). The quantification limit for zinc was 0,1    mg/dm<Sup>3 </Sup>. Spiking wine samples with aqueous zinc gave recoveries between    83,09% and 101,06%. Replicate of 11 wine samples, at several concentration levels,    gave relative standard deviations better than 3,0% (n = 10), indicating that    the analytical method is of high precision. </p>     <p><b>Key words</b>: wine, zinc, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, validation    of the method </p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center">RESUME </p>     <p align="center"><b>Determination du zinc dans les vins par spectrometrie d&#146;absorption    atomique de flamme. </b></p>     <p align="center"><b>Validation de la m&eacute;thode d&#146;analyse </b></p>     <p>L&#146;importance du dosage du zinc (Zn) dans les vins est li&eacute; &agrave;    sa toxicit&eacute; pour l&#146;homme et encore aux probl&egrave;mes de stabilit&eacute;    physico-chimique qu&#146; il pourra &ecirc;tre si&egrave;ge. Dans cet article,    on pr&eacute;sente la description et la caract&eacute;risation intralaboratoire    de la m&eacute;thode de d&eacute;termination analytique du teneur total de Zn    des vins par sp&eacute;ctrophotom&eacute;trie d&#146; absorption atomique avec    flamme. La practicabilit&eacute;, la sp&eacute;cificit&eacute;, le mod&egrave;le    math&eacute;matique de la courbe de calibration, les limites analytiques, les    taux de r&eacute;cup&eacute;ration et aplicabilit&eacute; (exactitude), la r&eacute;p&eacute;tabilit&eacute;    et la r&eacute;produtibilit&eacute; intralaboratoire (fid&eacute;lit&eacute;)    sont quelques-unes des caract&eacute;ristiques &eacute;valu&eacute;es. Cet &eacute;tude    a &eacute;t&eacute; appliqu&eacute; &agrave; des vins blancs, rouges et de licqueur.    La m&eacute;thode analytique, de tr&egrave;s grande sp&eacute;cificit&eacute;,    permet quantifier des teneurs sup&eacute;rieurs &agrave; 0,1 mg/dm<Sup>3</Sup>,    avec une grande pr&eacute;cision (CV<3,0 % pour la r&eacute;p&eacute;tabilit&eacute;;    CV<8,5 % pour la r&eacute;produtibilit&eacute; intralaboratoire). La courbe    de calibration pour la gamme de travail (0 &agrave; 2 mg/dm<Sup>3</Sup>) est    &eacute;cart&eacute;e de la lin&eacute;arit&eacute;; elle est bien d&eacute;crite    par un polyn&ocirc;me du trosi&egrave;me degr&eacute; (y = a + bx + cx<Sup>2</Sup>    + dx<Sup>3</Sup>). Les taux de r&eacute;cup&eacute;ration d&eacute;termin&eacute;s    varient entre 83,09 % et 101,06 %. </p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>Texto completo dispon&iacute;vel apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center">REFER&Ecirc;NCIAS BIBLIOGR&Aacute;FICAS </p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <!-- ref --><p>Bouvier J.C., 1994. <I>Guide d&#146;&eacute;valuation et validation d&#146;une m&eacute;thode d&#146;analyse chimique. </I>18 p. INRA. Narbonne. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000037&pid=S0254-0223200200010000200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>CEE, 1990. Regulamento (CEE) n&ordm; 2676/90 de 1990-09-17, <I>Jornal Oficial das Comunidades Europeias, </I>3 de Outubro de 1990. </p>    <p>Catarino S., Curvelo-Garcia A.S., 2002. <I>Determina&ccedil;&atilde;o anal&iacute;tica do zinco em vinhos por espectrofotometria de absor&ccedil;&atilde;o at&oacute;mica com chama. </I>18 p. Relat&oacute;rio de valida&ccedil;&atilde;o do m&eacute;todo, Esta&ccedil;&atilde;o Vitivin&iacute;cola Nacional, Dois Portos. </p>    <p>Coelho C.A., 1998. <I>Regress&atilde;o linear. </I>Apontamentos. </p>    <p>Croxton F.E., Dudley J., 1955. <I>Applied General Statistics. </I>486-524. Prentice-Hall. </p>    <p>CT83, 1988. Bebidas alco&oacute;licas e espirituosas. Determina&ccedil;&atilde;o do teor de zinco por espectrofotometria de absor&ccedil;&atilde;o at&oacute;mica, <I>Norma Portuguesa </I>NP 2444, Instituto Portugu&ecirc;s da Qualidade, Lisboa. </p>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Curvelo-Garcia A.S., 1988. <I>Controlo de Qualidade dos Vinhos. Qu&iacute;mica Enol&oacute;gica. M&eacute;todos Anal&iacute;ticos. </I>420 p. Instituto da Vinha e do Vinho, Lisboa. </p>    <p>Curvelo Garcia A.S., Ghira J.J., 1981. Considera&ccedil;&otilde;es sobre a presen&ccedil;a de zinco e chumbo em vinhos, policop.., Esta&ccedil;&atilde;o Vitivin&iacute;cola Nacional, Dois Portos. </p>    <p>Dagnelie P., 1973. <I>Estat&iacute;stica. Teoria e M&eacute;todos. </I>439 p. 1&ordm; vol. Publica&ccedil;&otilde;es Europa-Am&eacute;rica. Lisboa. </p>    <p>Founier J.B., El Hourch M., Martin G.J., 1998. Analyse du zinc, du cuivre et du plomb dans le vin. Rapport entre les concentrations totales analys&eacute;es par spectrom&eacute;trie d&#146;absorption atomique et les concentrations des ions libres d&eacute;termin&eacute;es par polarographie. <I>J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin, </I>32 (1), 45-50. </p>    <p>Gon&ccedil;alves M.L.S.S.G., 1996. <I>M&eacute;todos Instrumentais para An&aacute;lise de Solu&ccedil;&otilde;es. An&aacute;lise Quantitativa. </I>83-137. Funda&ccedil;&atilde;o Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa. </p>    <p>Limbek B.E., Rowe C.J., 1986. Curve Correction in Atomic Spectrometry. <I>Varian Atomic Absorption, </I>AA-58. </p>    <p>Magalh&atilde;es M.J., Sequeira E.M., Lucas M.D., 1985. Copper and zinc in vineyards of central Portugal. <I>Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, </I>26, 1-17. </p>    <p>Martin de la Hinojosa I., Dapena P., Cerezo M.J., Hitos P., 1994. Etude de la pr&eacute;sence de certains contaminants dans les vins espagnols. <I>Feuillet Vert de l&#146;OIV, </I>965. </p>    <p>Miller J.C., Miller J.N., 1993. <I>Statistics for Analytical Chemistry. </I>233 p. Ellis Horwood and Prentice Hall. </p>     <p>Monteiro M.J.P., Bertrand A., 1994. Validation d&#146;une methode de dosage.    Aplication a l&#146;analyse des amines biog&eacute;nes du vin. <I>Feuillet Vert    de l&#146;OIV, </I>970. OIV, 1990. <I>Recueil des m&eacute;thodes internationales    d&#146;analyse des vins, </I>Office International de la Vigne et du Vin, Paris.  </p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Rib&eacute;reau-Gayon J., Peynaud E., Sudraud P., Rib&eacute;reau-Gayon P.,    1982. <I>Sciences et Technique</I><I>s </I><I>du Vin. </I>I &#150; Analyse et    Contr&ocirc;le des Vins. Dunod, Paris. Soares ME., Bastos M.L., Ferreira M.A.,    1995. Quantification of Ag, Co, Si and Zn in Port wine by atomic absorption    spectrometry. <I>Atomic Spectrometry, </I>16 (6): 256-260. </p>     <p>Steel R.G.D., Torrie J.H., 1960. <I>Principles and Procedures of Statistics.    With special reference </I><I>to the biological sciences. </I>333-345. Mcgraw-Hill    Book Company, INC, New York. Stella C., 1974. Teneurs en lithium, mangan&egrave;se    et zinc de produits et correctifs oenologiques. <I>Feuillet Vert de l&#146;OIV,    </I>514. </p>     <p>Sudraud P., M&eacute;dina B., Grenon J.P., 1995. Teneurs en &eacute;l&eacute;ments min&eacute;raux des vins. <I>Feuillet Ver</I><I>t </I><I>de l&#146;OIV, </I>984. Varian, 1986. <I>SpectrAA-10/20. Operation Manual. </I>132 p. </p>     <p>Varian, 1979. <I>Analytical methods for flame spectroscopy. </I>123 p. Wernimont    G.T, 1985. <I>Use of statistics to develop and evaluate analytical methods.    </I>181 p. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. </p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>AGRADECIMENTOS </p>     <p>Ao Eng&ordm; T&eacute;cnico Pedro Barros pelo apoio na componente instrumental.    Ao Doutor Sun Baoshan pela ajuda na tradu&ccedil;&atilde;o do resumo para a    l&iacute;ngua inglesa. </p>      ]]></body><back>
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<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
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<surname><![CDATA[Bouvier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.C.]]></given-names>
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</article>
