Enrelvamento do Solo em Vinha na Região dos Vinhos Verdes. Três Anos de Estudo na Casta ‘Alvarinho’
1 Direcção Regional de Agricultura de Entre Douro e Minho, Divisão de Vitivinicultura e Fruticultura, Quinta de Sergude, Sendim, 4610-764 Felgueiras.
2 Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa. E-mail: anamonteiro@isa.utl.pt; carlosmlopes@isa.utl.pt
(Manuscrito recebido em 18.11.03 . Aceite para publicação em 22.01.04.)
]]> RESUMO
Num ensaio instalado na Região dos Vinhos Verdes, sub-região de Monção, com a casta ‘Alvarinho’, compararam-se, durante 3 anos consecutivos, 4 sistemas de manutenção do solo: enrelvamento permanente natural, herbicida foliar a toda a área, mobilização do solo e enrelvamento permanente natural alternado com mobilização do solo.
A densidade da flora natural foi influenciada significativamente pelas técnicas de manutenção do solo tendo-se também verificado uma selecção de espécies por modalidade, com incremento de espécies de gramíneas e leguminosas no enrelvamento.
Comparativamente às modalidades herbicida foliar a toda a área e mobilização do solo, o enrelvamento a toda a área por espécies residentes induziu uma redução significativa da produção e vigor da videira em resultado de um menor peso unitário do cacho e do sarmento, sem afectar a qualidade do mosto à vindima. A modalidade de enrelvamento permanente natural alternado com mobilização apresentou valores intermédios que não diferiram significativamente das restantes modalidades. Os resultados evidenciam a possibilidade de utilização dos relvados como técnicas passíveis de manipulação do vigor da videira. Todavia, a redução de vigor observada nas modalidades relvadas, caso persista nos próximos anos, poderá comprometer a perenidade da videira, pelo que será de considerar a possibilidade de utilização de modalidades menos competitivas.
Palavras-Chave: enrelvamento, não mobilização, herbicida folhear, podução, vigor.
RÉSUME
Enherbement des sols dans la région “Vinhos Verdes”. Trois ans d’études avec le cépage ‘Alvarinho’
Dans un essai installé dans la région des “Vinhos Verdes”, avec le cépage blanc ‘Alvarinho’, on a comparé, pendant 3 ans, 4 techniques d’entretien du sol: enherbement permanent naturel, nonculture par désherbage chimique, travail du sol et enherbement permanent naturel alterné (un interligne sur deux) avec travail du sol.
]]> La densité de la flore spontanée a été influencé par les techniques d’entretien du sol. On a vérifié aussi une sélection des espèces par traitement, avec une augmentation des graminées et fabacées dans le traitement enherbé.En comparaison avec les traitements non-culture par désherbage chimique et travail du sol, l’enherbement permanent naturel a induit une réduction significative du rendement et de la vigueur de la vigne, sans affecter la qualité du moût à la vendange. L’enherbement permanent naturel alterné avec travail du sol n´a pas présenté des différences significatives dans le rendement et vigueur par rapport aux autres traitements.
Les résultats montrent la possibilité d’utiliser l’enherbement permanent pour la maîtrise de la vigueur de la vigne. Toutefois, si la réduction de la vigueur observée sur les traitements enherbés continue dans les prochaines années, la pérennité de la vigne peut être affectée. Dans cette situation il faut utiliser des techniques d’entretien du sol moins compétitives.
Mots clés: enherbement, non-culture, désherbage chimique, rendement, vigueur.
SUMMARY
Cover cropping at “Vinhos Verdes” Wine Region. A three-year study in variety ‘Alvarinho’
In a vineyard of the variety ‘Alvarinho’ at northern Portugal, the effect of different soil management systems on flora evolution and richness, vine yield, vigour, and berry composition, was investigated. Four soil management strategies were applied: natural plant cover (RNA), chemical weed control to entire vineyard floor with foliage herbicides (HERB); soil mobilization (MOB) and natural plant cover alternated with soil mobilization (RMOB).
The treatments had a significant effect on the flora species number per m2. A selection of species was also observed, with an increase of the grass and legume species in the cover cropping treatment.
]]> The natural plant cover (RNA) induced a significant yield and vigour reduction due to a lower cluster and shoot weight without affecting berry composition. The RMOB treatment showed intermediate values not significantly different from other treatments.The results show the possibility of the use of the resident vegetation to control vine vigour. Nevertheless if the vigour reduction continues in the next years it can negatively affect vine longevity. In that case the use of low competition management techniques like for example the permanent natural plant cover alternated with soil mobilization seems to be a better choice.
Key words: cover crops, foliar herbicide, no tillage, yield, vigour.
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