<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0254-0223</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ciência Téc. Vitiv.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0254-0223</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INIAV - DOIS PORTOS (Ex-Estação Vitivinícola Nacional)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0254-02232003000200002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Validação e Comparação de Métodos de Análise em Espectrofotometria de Absorção Atómica com Chama Para Doseamento de Cobre e Ferro em Vinhos e Aguardentes]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Validation and comparison of analytical methods by flame atomic absorption spectrometry for determination of copper and iron in wines and brandies]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Validation et comparaison des méthodes analytiques de spectrométrie d&#8217;absorption atomique de flamme pour la détermination du cuivre et du fer dans les vins et les eaux-de-vie]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Catarino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sofia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Curvelo-Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,MADRP - Ministério da Agricultura, do Desenvolvimento Rural e das Pescas INIAP - Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e das Pescas EVN - Estação Vitivinícola Nacional]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Dois Portos ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>65</fpage>
<lpage>76</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0254-02232003000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0254-02232003000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0254-02232003000200002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[O conhecimento dos teores de cobre (Cu) e de ferro (Fe) em vinhos e aguardentes assume especial importância pelas implicações na sua estabilidade físico-química. No presente trabalho, para cada um dos elementos referidos, foi validado intralaboratorialmente o método de análise descrito na Norma Portuguesa, com recurso à técnica de espectrofotometria de absorção atómica com chama. A aplicação destes métodos para doseamento de Cu em vinhos e de Fe em aguardentes apresenta algumas dificuldades, dados os baixos teores em que normalmente surgem. Nestes casos, é vulgar o recurso ao método das adições de padrão, cuja precisão foi avaliada, concluindo- se que este é menos preciso que o método que recorre à comparação com uma curva de referência. Apresentam-se ainda os resultados da participação num ensaio interlaboratorial.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The knowlegde of copper and iron contents in wines and brandies is important because these metals may involve haze formation during their storage. This paper presents the determination of total contents of the two metals in these beverages, by flame atomic spectrometry. The methods described by portuguese normas, were validated and its analytical characteristics were verified. Their apliccation for determination of some wines and brandies with low contents, may present some dificulties. The method of standard additions, widely practised in these situations, was also studied, and the precision of the two methods was compared. Because it is an extrapolation method, is thus less precise than the interpolation methods. We also presents the results of the participation in an interlaboratory assay.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[La connaissance des teneurs en cuivre (Cu) et en fer (Fe) des vins et des eaux-de-vie présentent une très grande importance face à leur stabilité physico-chimique. Dans cet article, pour le Cu et le Fe, on présente les paramètres de validation intralaboratoire des méthodes d&#8217;analyse décrites dans les Normes portugaises, en employant la spectrométrie d&#8217;absorption atomique de flamme. L&#8217;application de ces méthodes pour le dosage de Cu dans les vins et de Fe dans les eaux-de-vie présente quelques dificultés, en liaison avec les faibles teneurs de sa présence. Dans ces conditions, il est commun l&#8217;application de la méthode des additions d&#8217;étalon: on a conclu que cette méthode est moins précise que la méthode basée sur la comparaison avec une courbe de référence. On présente aussi les résultats d&#8217;un essai interlaboratoire concernant ces déterminations.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[cobre]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ferro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[vinho]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[aguardente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[métodos de análise]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[espectrofotometria de absorção atómica com chama]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[copper]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[iron]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[wine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[brandy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[analytical methods]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[flame atomic absorption spectrometry]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  &nbsp;</p>      <P   align="center" ><b>Valida&ccedil;&atilde;o e Compara&ccedil;&atilde;o de M&eacute;todos de An&aacute;lise    em Espectrofotometria de Absor&ccedil;&atilde;o At&oacute;mica com Chama Para    Doseamento de Cobre e Ferro em Vinhos e Aguardentes</b></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>          <p align="center"><b>Sofia Catarino</b><Sup>1,2</Sup>,    <b>Daniela Pinto</b><Sup>1, 3</Sup>, <b>A.S.    Curvelo-Garcia</b><Sup>1 </Sup></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <P align="center"   ><Sup>1</Sup> INIAP. Esta&ccedil;&atilde;o Vitivin&iacute;cola Nacional. 2565-191    Dois Portos. Portugal. E-mail: <a href="mailto:inia.evn.quim@oninet.pt">inia.evn@oninet.pt    </a> </p>     <P align="center"   ><Sup>2 </Sup>Bolseira do PARIPIPI Projecto A</p>     <P align="center"   ><sup>3</sup> Estagi&aacute;ria da Universidade de Tr&aacute;s-os-Montes e Alto    Douuro.</p>     <P align="center"   ><i>(Manuscrito recebido em 23.10.03. Aceite para publica&ccedil;&atilde;o em    21.01.04.)</i></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center"><b>RESUMO</b> </p>     <p align="justify">O conhecimento dos teores de cobre (Cu) e de ferro (Fe) em    vinhos e aguardentes assum</B>e especial import&acirc;ncia pelas implica&ccedil;&otilde;es    na sua estabilidade f&iacute;sico-qu&iacute;mica. No presente trabalho, para    cada um dos elementos referidos, foi validado intralaboratorialmente o m&eacute;todo    de an&aacute;lise descrito na Norma Portuguesa, com recurso &agrave; t&eacute;cnica    de espectrofotometria de absor&ccedil;&atilde;o at&oacute;mica com chama. A    aplica&ccedil;&atilde;o destes m&eacute;todos para doseamento de Cu em vinhos    e de Fe em aguardentes apresenta algumas dificuldades, dados os baixos teores    em que normalmente surgem. Nestes casos, &eacute; vulgar o recurso ao m&eacute;todo    das adi&ccedil;&otilde;es de padr&atilde;o, cuja precis&atilde;o foi avaliada,    concluindo- se que este &eacute; menos preciso que o m&eacute;todo que recorre    &agrave; compara&ccedil;&atilde;o com uma curva de refer&ecirc;ncia. Apresentam-se    ainda os resultados da participa&ccedil;&atilde;o num ensaio interlaboratorial.  </p>        <p><b>Palavras chave:</b> cobre, ferro, vinho, aguardente, m&eacute;todos de an&aacute;lise,    espectrofotometria de absor&ccedil;&atilde;o at&oacute;mica com chama. </p> </p>     <P   align="center" >&nbsp;</p>    <P   align="center" ><b>SUMMARY</b> </p>     <P   align="center" ><b>Validation and comparison of analytical methods by flame atomic absorption spectrometry    for determination of copper and iron in wines and brandies</b> </p>     <p align="justify">The knowlegde of copper and iron contents in wines and brandies    is important because these metals may involve haze formation during their storage.    This paper presents the determination of total contents of the two metals in    these beverages, by flame atomic spectrometry. The methods described by portuguese    normas, were validated and its analytical characteristics were verified. Their    apliccation for determination of some wines and brandies with low contents,    may present some dificulties. The method of standard additions, widely practised    in these situations, was also studied, and the precision of the two methods    was compared. Because it is an extrapolation method, is thus less precise than    the interpolation methods. We also presents the results of the participation    in an interlaboratory assay. </p>     <p align="justify"><b>Key words:</b> copper, iron, wine, brandy, analytical methods,    flame atomic absorption spectrometry. </p> </p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P   align="center" ><b>R&Eacute;SUM&Eacute;</b> </p>     <p align="center"><b>Validation et comparaison des m&eacute;thodes analytiques    de spectrom&eacute;trie d&#146;absorption atomique de flamme pour la d&eacute;termination    du cuivre et du fer dans les vins et les eaux-de-vie</b> </p>     <p align="justify">La connaissance des teneurs en cuivre (Cu) et en fer (Fe) des    vins et des eaux-de-vie pr&eacute;sentent une tr&egrave;s grande importance    face &agrave; leur stabilit&eacute; physico-chimique. Dans cet article, pour    le Cu et le Fe, on pr&eacute;sente les param&egrave;tres de validation intralaboratoire    des m&eacute;thodes d&#146;analyse d&eacute;crites dans les Normes portugaises,    en employant la spectrom&eacute;trie d&#146;absorption atomique de flamme. L&#146;application    de ces m&eacute;thodes pour le dosage de Cu dans les vins et de Fe dans les    eaux-de-vie pr&eacute;sente quelques dificult&eacute;s, en liaison avec les    faibles teneurs de sa pr&eacute;sence. Dans ces conditions, il est commun l&#146;application    de la m&eacute;thode des additions d&#146;&eacute;talon: on a conclu que cette    m&eacute;thode est moins pr&eacute;cise que la m&eacute;thode bas&eacute;e sur    la comparaison avec une courbe de r&eacute;f&eacute;rence. On pr&eacute;sente    aussi les r&eacute;sultats d&#146;un essai interlaboratoire concernant ces d&eacute;terminations.  </p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp; </p>     <p align="justify">Texto completo apenas em formato pdf.</p>     <p>Full text only in pdf format.</p> </p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center"><b> REFER&Ecirc;NCIAS BIBLIOGR&Aacute;FICAS</b> </p></p>     <!-- ref --><P   align="justify" >Almeida A.A., Cardoso M.I., Lima J.L.F.C., 1994. Determination of Copper in Port    Wine and Madeira by Electrothermal Atomization AAS, <I>Atomic Spectroscopy</I>,<b>    </b>2: 73-77. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000032&pid=S0254-0223200300020000200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><P   align="justify" >Bouvier J.C., 1994. <I>Guide d&#146;&eacute;valuation et validation d&#146;une    m&eacute;thode d&#146;analyse chimique</I>. 18 p. INRA. Narbonne. </p>     <p align="justify">Cacho J., Castells J.E., Esteban A., Laguna B., Sagrist&aacute;    N., 1995. Iron, Copper, and Manganese Influence on Wine Oxidation. <I>American    Journal of Enology and Viticulture</I>, 46 (3)&nbsp;: 380-384. </p>     <p align="justify">CT83, 1988a. Bebidas alco&oacute;licas e espirituosas. Determina&ccedil;&atilde;o    do teor de ferro por espectrofotometria de absor&ccedil;&atilde;o at&oacute;mica,    <I>Norma Portuguesa </I>NP 2280, Instituto Portugu&ecirc;s da Qualidade, Lisboa.</p>       <p align="justify">CT83, 1988b. Bebidas alco&oacute;licas e espirituosas. Determina&ccedil;&atilde;o    do teor de cobre. M&eacute;todo colorim&eacute;trico. Processo corrente, <I>Norma    Portuguesa </I>NP 2441, Instituto Portugu&ecirc;s da Qualidade, Lisboa. </p>     <p align="justify">CT83, 1988c. Bebidas alco&oacute;licas e espirituosas. Determina&ccedil;&atilde;o    do teor de cobre por espectrofotometria de absor&ccedil;&atilde;o at&oacute;mica.    Processo de refer&ecirc;ncia, <I>Norma Portuguesa </I>NP 2442, Instituto Portugu&ecirc;s    da Qualidade, Lisboa. </p>     <p align="justify">CT83, 1988d. Bebidas alco&oacute;licas e espirituosas. Determina&ccedil;&atilde;o    do teor de ferro. M&eacute;todo colorim&eacute;trico. Processo corrente, <I>Norma    Portuguesa </I>NP 2443, Instituto Portugu&ecirc;s da Qualidade, Lisboa. </p>     <p align="justify">Curvelo-Garcia A.S., 1988<I>. Controlo de Qualidade dos Vinhos.    Qu&iacute;mica Enol&oacute;gica. M&eacute;todos anal&iacute;ticos</I>, 420 p.,    Instituto da Vinha e do Vinho, Lisboa. </p>     <p align="justify">Curvelo-Garcia A.S., Catarino S., 1998. Os metais contaminantes    dos vinhos: origens da sua presen&ccedil;a, teores, influ&ecirc;ncia dos factores    tecnol&oacute;gicos e defini&ccedil;&atilde;o de limites (revis&atilde;o bibliogr&aacute;fica    cr&iacute;tica), <I>Ci&ecirc;ncia T&eacute;cnica e Vitivin&iacute;cola</I>,    13 (1-2): 49-70. </p>      <p align="justify"> Founier J.B., El Hourch M., Martin G.J., 1998. Analyse du    zinc, du cuivre et du plomb dans le vin. Rapport entre les concentrations totales    analys&eacute;es par spectrom&eacute;trie d&#146;absorption atomique et les    concentrations des ions libres d&eacute;termin&eacute;es par polarographie.    <I>J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin</I>, 32 (1), 45-50.</p>     <p align="justify">Gon&ccedil;alves M.L.S.S.G., 1996. <I>M&eacute;todos Instrumentais    para An&aacute;lise de Solu&ccedil;&otilde;es. An&aacute;lise Quantitativa</I>.    83-137. Funda&ccedil;&atilde;o Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa. </p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify">IVP, 2000. Regulamento do processo t&eacute;cnico-administrativo    para controlo da aguardente destinada &agrave; elabora&ccedil;&atilde;o de Vinho    do Porto, Anexo III, Instituto do Vinho do Porto. </p>     <p align="justify">Lafon R., Lafon J., Couillaud P., 1964. <I>Le Cognac: sa distillation</I>,    270p., J.B. Bailli&egrave;re et Fils Editeures, Paris. </p>     <p align="justify">Magalh&atilde;es M.J., Sequeira E.M., Lucas M.D., 1985. Copper    and Zinc in Vineyards of Central Portugal. <I>Water, Air, and Soil Pollution</I>,<b>    </b>26<b>:</b> 1-17. </p>      <p align="justify">Miller J.C., Miller J.N., 1993. <I>Statistics for Analytical    Chemistry</I>. 233 p. Ellis Horwood and Prentice Hall. </p>     <p align="justify">Monteiro M.J.P., Bertrand A., 1994. Validation d&#146;une    methode de dosage. Aplication a l&#146;analyse des amines biog&eacute;nes du    vin. <I>Feuillet Vert de l&#146;OIV</I>, 970. </p>    <p>OIV, 1990. <I>Recueil des m&eacute;thodes internationales d&#146;analyse des    vins</I>, Office International de la Vigne et du Vin, Paris. </p>     <p align="justify"> OIV, 1994. Recueil des m&eacute;thodes internationales d&#146;analyse    des boissons spiritueuses, des alcools et de la fraction aromatique des boissons,    Office International de la Vigne et du Vin, Paris. </p>       <p>PANREAC, 2003. <I>Ensayo Interlaboratorio de An&aacute;lisis F&iacute;sico-Qu&iacute;mico      de Vino Tinto </I>(Agosto 2002). Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentaci&oacute;n,      Madrid, Espanha.</p>       <p>Pinto D.F.C., 2003. <I>Valida&ccedil;&atilde;o de m&eacute;todos de an&aacute;lise      em espectrofotometria de absor&ccedil;&atilde;o at&oacute;mica para doseamento      de cati&otilde;es met&aacute;licos em vinhos e aguardentes</I>. Relat&oacute;rio      final de est&aacute;gio. Universidade de Tr&aacute;s-Os-Montes e Alto Douro,      Vila Real.</p>       <p> Rib&eacute;reau-Gayon J., Peynaud E., Sudraud P., Rib&eacute;reau-Gayon      P., 1982. <I>Sciences et Techniques du Vin. I-Analyse et Contr&ocirc;le des      Vins</I>, Dunod, Paris.</p>       ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>    Thermo Electron, 2000. AAS, FAAS, ICP or ICP-MS? Which technique should I use?    An elementary overview of elemental analysis. TJA Solutions &#150; Thermo Electron,    United Kingdom. </p>         <p>Vasconcelos M.T., Azenha M., 2001. In vitro assessment of the bioavailabitlity    of Pb and Cu in different portuguese wines. <I>Feuillet Vert de l&#146;OIV</I>,    1135. </p>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.L.F.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Determination of Copper in Port Wine and Madeira by Electrothermal Atomization AAS]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Atomic Spectroscopy]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>73-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
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</back>
</article>
