<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0254-0223</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ciência Téc. Vitiv.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0254-0223</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INIAV - DOIS PORTOS (Ex-Estação Vitivinícola Nacional)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0254-02232005000100001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of brandies’ agitation on the kinetics of extraction/oxidation and diffusion of wood extractable compounds in experimental model]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Repercussão da agitação da aguardente nas cinéticas de extracção/oxidação e de difusão de compostos extraíveis da madeira em modelo experimental]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Effet de l’agitation des eaux-de-vie sur la cinétique d’extraction/oxydation et la diffusion des composés extractibles du bois dans le modèle expérimental]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patrício]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belchior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,INIAP Estação Vitivinícola Nacional ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[DOIS PORTOS ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[LISBOA ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>01</fpage>
<lpage>15</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0254-02232005000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0254-02232005000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0254-02232005000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This study provides, for the first time, specific information about the effect of brandy’s agitation on the kinetic of extraction/oxidation and diffusion of wood low molecular weight compounds during the first two months of ageing, in barrels of Limousin oak wood and chestnut wood submitted to light toasting (QL) and strong toasting (QF). A concentration gradient of compounds was observed in brandy dependent of their chemical nature, the botanical species (higher in the brandies that contact with the chestnut wood) and the wood toasting level (higher in the strong toasting). These aspects justify therefore the brandy’s agitation in the first months of ageing, mainly in barrels of chestnut wood and strong toasting. Independently of the wood and the toasting level, the monthly agitation showed to be the more efficient than the static system and the agitation after each sampling, leading to brandies with higher dry extract weight, higher total polyphenol index and higher content of low molecular weight compounds, favouring the balance between extraction and diffusion phenomena.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[No presente trabalho é estudado, pela primeira vez, o efeito da agitação da aguardente nas cinéticas de extracção/oxidação e de difusão de compostos de massa molecular baixa da madeira, ao longo dos primeiros dois meses de envelhecimento, em vasilhas de carvalho Limousin e de castanheiro, sujeitas a queima ligeira ou forte. É observado que o gradiente de concentração dos compostos de massa molecular baixa na aguardente depende da natureza química dos mesmos, da espécie botânica (superior nas aguardentes que contactaram com a madeira de castanheiro) e do nível de queima da madeira (tendencialmente mais elevado na queima forte). Estes aspectos justificam pois a agitação da aguardente logo nos primeiros meses de envelhecimento, sobretudo em vasilhas de madeira de castanheiro e de queima forte. Independentemente da madeira e da queima, a agitação mensal revelou-se a mais eficaz, relativamente ao sistema estático e à agitação após cada amostragem, conduzindo à obtenção de aguardentes com maior extracto seco, maior índice de polifenóis totais e maiores teores de compostos de massa molecular baixa, por favorecer o equilíbrio entre os fenómenos de extracção e de difusão.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Dans ce travail l’effet de l’agitation de l’eau-de-vie dans la cinétique d’extraction/oxydation et de diffusion des composés de faible poids moléculaire du bois a été étudié pour la première fois, pendant les deux premiers mois de vieillissement, dans des fûts de bois de Chêne du Limousin et de Châtaignier ceux ont été soumis à le brûlage léger (QL) et brûlage fort (QF). On a observé un gradient de concentration des composés dans l’eau-de-vie dépendent sur la nature chimique, de l’espèce botanique (supérieure dans les eaux-de-vie qui entrent en contact avec du bois de châtaignier) et du niveau en bois de brûlage (plus élevé dans le brûlage fort). Ces aspects justifient donc l’agitation de l’eau-de-vie pendant les premiers mois du vieillissement, principalement dans les fûts de bois de châtaignier et le brûlage fort. Indépendamment du bois et du niveau de brûlage, de l’agitation mensuelle c’est montré le plus efficace, relativement au système statique et à l’agitation après chaque prélèvement, menant aux eaux-de-vie avec le poids d’extrait sec plus haut, l’index de polyphenols totaux plus élevés et les plus hautes concentrations des composés à faible poids moléculaire, favorisant l’équilibre entre les phénomènes d’extraction et de diffusion.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[wood]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[toasting]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[brandy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[agitation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chemical composition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[madeiras]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[queima]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[envelhecimento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[agitação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[composição química]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <P align="center"><b>EFFECT OF BRANDIES&#146; AGITATION ON THE KINETICS OF    EXTRACTION/OXIDATION AND DIFFUSION OF WOOD EXTRACTABLE COMPOUNDS IN EXPERIMENTAL    MODEL </b></P>     <P align="center">&nbsp;</P>     <P align="center"><b>I. Patr&iacute;cio</b><Sup>1,2</Sup><b>, S. Canas</b><Sup>1</Sup><b>,    A. P. Belchior</b><Sup>1 </Sup></P>     <P align="center">&nbsp;</P>     <P align="center"><Sup>1</Sup> INIAP. Esta&ccedil;&atilde;o Vitivin&iacute;cola    Nacional. 2565-191 DOIS PORTOS. Portugal E-mail:inia.<a href="mailto:evn.quim@oninet.pt">evn.quim@oninet.pt</a></P>     <P align="center"><Sup>2</Sup> Student of Universidade Lus&oacute;fona de Humanidades    e Tecnologias. 1749-024 LISBOA. Portugal.</P>     <P align="center"><I>(Manuscrito recebido em 22.03.05. Aceite para publica&ccedil;&atilde;o    em 14.05.05.) </I></P>     <P align="center">&nbsp;</P>     <P align="center">&nbsp;</P>     <P align="center"><b>SUMMARY </b></P>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P align="justify">This study provides, for the first time, specific information    about the effect of brandy&#146;s agitation on the kinetic of extraction/oxidation    and diffusion of wood low molecular weight compounds during the first two months    of ageing, in barrels of Limousin oak wood and chestnut wood submitted to light    toasting (QL) and strong toasting (QF). A concentration gradient of compounds    was observed in brandy dependent of their chemical nature, the botanical species    (higher in the brandies that contact with the chestnut wood) and the wood toasting    level (higher in the strong toasting). These aspects justify therefore the brandy&#146;s    agitation in the first months of ageing, mainly in barrels of chestnut wood    and strong toasting. Independently of the wood and the toasting level, the monthly    agitation showed to be the more efficient than the static system and the agitation    after each sampling, leading to brandies with higher dry extract weight, higher    total polyphenol index and higher content of low molecular weight compounds,    favouring the balance between extraction and diffusion phenomena. </P>      <P><b>Key words:</b> wood, toasting, brandy, agitation, chemical composition</P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>       <P align="center">&nbsp;</P>     <P align="center"><b>RESUMO</b></P>      <P align="center"><b>Repercuss&atilde;o da agita&ccedil;&atilde;o da aguardente    nas cin&eacute;ticas de extrac&ccedil;&atilde;o/oxida&ccedil;&atilde;o e de    difus&atilde;o de compostos extra&iacute;veis da madeira em modelo experimental    </b></P>     <P align="center">&nbsp;</P>      <P align="justify">No presente trabalho &eacute; estudado, pela primeira vez,    o efeito da agita&ccedil;&atilde;o da aguardente nas cin&eacute;ticas de extrac&ccedil;&atilde;o/oxida&ccedil;&atilde;o    e de difus&atilde;o de compostos de massa molecular baixa da madeira, ao longo    dos primeiros dois meses de envelhecimento, em vasilhas de carvalho <I>Limousin    </I>e de castanheiro, sujeitas a queima ligeira ou forte. &Eacute; observado    que o gradiente de concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o dos compostos de massa molecular    baixa na aguardente depende da natureza qu&iacute;mica dos mesmos, da esp&eacute;cie    bot&acirc;nica (superior nas aguardentes que contactaram com a madeira de castanheiro)    e do n&iacute;vel de queima da madeira (tendencialmente mais elevado na queima    forte). Estes aspectos justificam pois a agita&ccedil;&atilde;o da aguardente    logo nos primeiros meses de envelhecimento, sobretudo em vasilhas de madeira    de castanheiro e de queima forte. Independentemente da madeira e da queima,    a agita&ccedil;&atilde;o mensal revelou-se a mais eficaz, relativamente ao sistema    est&aacute;tico e &agrave; agita&ccedil;&atilde;o ap&oacute;s cada amostragem,    conduzindo &agrave; obten&ccedil;&atilde;o de aguardentes com maior extracto    seco, maior &iacute;ndice de polifen&oacute;is totais e maiores teores de compostos    de massa molecular baixa, por favorecer o equil&iacute;brio entre os fen&oacute;menos    de extrac&ccedil;&atilde;o e de difus&atilde;o. </P>      <P align="justify"><b>Palavras-Chave:</b> madeiras, queima, envelhecimento, agita&ccedil;&atilde;o,    composi&ccedil;&atilde;o qu&iacute;mica</P>      <P align="center">&nbsp;</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P align="center">&nbsp;</P>     <P align="center"><b>R&Eacute;SUM&Eacute;</b> </P>      <P align="center"><b>Effet de l&#146;agitation des eaux-de-vie sur la cin&eacute;tique    d&#146;extraction/oxydation et la diffusion des compos&eacute;s extractibles    du bois dans le mod&egrave;le exp&eacute;rimental</b> </P>      <P align="justify">Dans ce travail l&#146;effet de l&#146;agitation de l&#146;eau-de-vie    dans la cin&eacute;tique d&#146;extraction/oxydation et de diffusion des compos&eacute;s    de faible poids mol&eacute;culaire du bois a &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;tudi&eacute;    pour la premi&egrave;re fois, pendant les deux premiers mois de vieillissement,    dans des f&ucirc;ts de bois de Ch&ecirc;ne du Limousin et de Ch&acirc;taignier    ceux ont &eacute;t&eacute; soumis &agrave; le br&ucirc;lage l&eacute;ger (QL)    et br&ucirc;lage fort (QF). On a observ&eacute; un gradient de concentration    des compos&eacute;s dans l&#146;eau-de-vie d&eacute;pendent sur la nature chimique,    de l&#146;esp&egrave;ce botanique (sup&eacute;rieure dans les eaux-de-vie qui    entrent en contact avec du bois de ch&acirc;taignier) et du niveau en bois de    br&ucirc;lage (plus &eacute;lev&eacute; dans le br&ucirc;lage fort). Ces aspects    justifient donc l&#146;agitation de l&#146;eau-de-vie pendant les premiers mois    du vieillissement, principalement dans les f&ucirc;ts de bois de ch&acirc;taignier    et le br&ucirc;lage fort. Ind&eacute;pendamment du bois et du niveau de br&ucirc;lage,    de l&#146;agitation mensuelle c&#146;est montr&eacute; le plus efficace, relativement    au syst&egrave;me statique et &agrave; l&#146;agitation apr&egrave;s chaque    pr&eacute;l&egrave;vement, menant aux eaux-de-vie avec le poids d&#146;extrait    sec plus haut, l&#146;index de polyphenols totaux plus &eacute;lev&eacute;s    et les plus hautes concentrations des compos&eacute;s &agrave; faible poids    mol&eacute;culaire, favorisant l&#146;&eacute;quilibre entre les ph&eacute;nom&egrave;nes    d&#146;extraction et de diffusion. </P>         <P align="center">&nbsp;</P>     <P align="center">&nbsp;</P>     <P>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</P>     <P>Full text only available in PDF format.</P>      <P align="center">&nbsp;</P>     <P align="center">&nbsp;</P>     ]]></body>
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