<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0254-0223</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ciência Téc. Vitiv.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0254-0223</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INIAV - DOIS PORTOS (Ex-Estação Vitivinícola Nacional)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0254-02232007000100002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of heat treatment on the thermal and chemical modifications of Oak and Chestnut wood used in brandy ageing]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belchior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falcão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonçalves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spranger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruno-de-Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Estação Vitivinícola Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Dois Portos ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico Nuclear  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Sacavém ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Vila Real ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Superior de Agronomia Departamento de Química Agrícola e Ambiental ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>5</fpage>
<lpage>14</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0254-02232007000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0254-02232007000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0254-02232007000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The effects of temperature and frequency of moistening during the first phase of the heat treatment (bending phase) on the simultaneous response of different kinds of wood (Portuguese chestnut, Rumanian and American oak wood) used in brandy ageing were studied. The evolution of the wood temperature was measured by K thermocouple probes. The wood extractable compounds (phenolic acids, phenolic aldehydes, coumarins and furanic derivatives) were analysed by HPLC. The results showed that the thermal distribution along the thickness of the stave is influenced by the temperature and frequency of moistening, and also by the botanical species. It was verified that the bending phase is of great importance for the barrel quality not only for its impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the wood but also for its effect on the wood chemical composition.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[No presente trabalho são estudados os efeitos da temperatura de vergatura e da frequência do humedecimento durante a primeira fase do tratamento térmico (fase de vergatura) na resposta simultânea, do ponto de vista térmico e químico, de diferentes madeiras (castanheiro português, carvalho americano e carvalho romeno) usadas no envelhecimento de aguardentes vínicas Para a determinação da temperatura da madeira recorreu-se a termopares do tipo K. Os compostos extraíveis da madeira (ácidos fenólicos, aldeídos fenólicos, cumarinas e aldeídos furânicos) foram analisados por HPLC. Os resultados evidenciam que a distribuição da temperatura ao longo da espessura da aduela e a composição química da madeira são influenciadas pela temperatura de vergatura e pela frequência do humedecimento, bem como pela espécie botânica da madeira. É demonstrado que a fase de vergatura é de extrema importância para a qualidade da vasilha não apenas pelo seu impacto nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas da madeira, mas por constituir também uma etapa determinante da composição química da mesma.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[oak]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[chestnut]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cooperage]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[heat treatment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[thermal and chemical modifications]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[carvalho]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[castanheiro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[tratamento térmico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[modificações térmicas e químicas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><b>Effect of heat treatment on the thermal and chemical modifications    of Oak and Chestnut wood used in brandy ageing</b></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center"><b>S. Canas<sup>1</sup>, A.P. Belchior<sup>1</sup>, A. Falcão<sup>2</sup>,    J.A. Gonçalves<sup>3</sup>, M. I. Spranger<sup>1</sup>, R. Bruno-de-Sousa <sup>4</sup>    </b></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center"><sup>1</sup> Estação Vitivinícola Nacional, 2565-191 Dois Portos,    Portugal </p>     <p align="center"><sup>2</sup> Instituto Tecnológico Nuclear, 2686-953 Sacavém,    Portugal </p>     <p align="center"><sup>3</sup> Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001    Vila Real, Portugal </p>     <p align="center"><sup>4</sup> Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Departamento de    Química Agrícola e Ambiental, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal </p>     <p align="center"><i>(Manuscrito recebido em 22.03.07. Aceite para publicação    em 07.05.07.) </i></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="center"><b>SUMMARY </b></p>      <p align="justify">The effects of temperature and frequency of moistening during    the first phase of the heat treatment (bending phase) on the simultaneous response    of different kinds of wood (Portuguese chestnut, Rumanian and American oak wood)    used in brandy ageing were studied. The evolution of the wood temperature was    measured by K thermocouple probes. The wood extractable compounds (phenolic    acids, phenolic aldehydes, coumarins and furanic derivatives) were analysed    by HPLC. The results showed that the thermal distribution along the thickness    of the stave is influenced by the temperature and frequency of moistening, and    also by the botanical species. It was verified that the bending phase is of    great importance for the barrel quality not only for its impact on the physical    and mechanical properties of the wood but also for its effect on the wood chemical    composition. </p>     <p align="justify"><b>Keywords</b>: oak; chestnut; cooperage; heat treatment;    thermal and chemical modifications </p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center"><b>RESUMO</b></p>     <p align="center"><b>Efeito do tratamento t&eacute;rmico nas modifica&ccedil;&otilde;es    t&eacute;rmicas e qu&iacute;micas das madeiras de carvalho e de castanheiro    utilizadas no envelhecimento de aguardentes</b></p>      <p align="justify">No presente trabalho são estudados os efeitos da temperatura    de vergatura e da frequência do humedecimento durante a primeira fase do tratamento    térmico (fase de vergatura) na resposta simultânea, do ponto de vista térmico    e químico, de diferentes madeiras (castanheiro português, carvalho americano    e carvalho romeno) usadas no envelhecimento de aguardentes vínicas Para a determinação    da temperatura da madeira recorreu-se a termopares do tipo K. Os compostos extraíveis    da madeira (ácidos fenólicos, aldeídos fenólicos, cumarinas e aldeídos furânicos)    foram analisados por HPLC. Os resultados evidenciam que a distribuição da temperatura    ao longo da espessura da aduela e a composição química da madeira são influenciadas    pela temperatura de vergatura e pela frequência do humedecimento, bem como pela    espécie botânica da madeira. É demonstrado que a fase de vergatura é de extrema    importância para a qualidade da vasilha não apenas pelo seu impacto nas propriedades    físicas e mecânicas da madeira, mas por constituir também uma etapa determinante    da composição química da mesma. </p>      <p><b>Palavras chave</b>: carvalho; castanheiro; tratamento térmico; modificações    térmicas e químicas </p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="center"><b>REFERENCES </b></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify">Artajona J., Barbero E., Llobet M., Marco J., Parente F., 1991.    Influence du “bousinage” de la barrique sur les qualités organoleptiques des    brandies vieillis en fûts de chêne. In: Les eaux-de-vie traditionnelles d’origine    viticole. 197-205. Bertrand, A. (ed.), Lavoisier - TEC & DOC, Paris.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000027&pid=S0254-0223200700010000200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p align="justify">Belchior A.P., Caldeira I., Costa S., Tralhão G., Ferrão A.,    Mateus A.M., Carvalho E., 2001. Evolução das características fisicoquímicas    e organolépticas de aguardentes Lourinhã ao longo de cinco anos de envelhecimento    em madeira de carvalho e de castanheiro. Ciência e Téc. Vitiv., 16, 81-94. </p>     <p align="justify">Boeglin N., Kuzara S., Duchanois G., Masson D., 1993. Étude    du chêne de tonnellerie: perméabilité et cintrage. Rev. Fr. Oenol., 144, 35-40.  </p>     <p align="justify">Bouvier J.C., 1994. Guide d’évaluation et de validation d’une    méthode d’analyse chimique. INRA, Narbonne. </p>     <p align="justify">Caldeira I., 2004. The aroma of wine brandies aged in wood.    Cooperage technology relevance. 238 p. Ph D Thesis, Instituto Superior de agronomia,    Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. </p>     <p align="justify">Caldeira I., Belchior A.P., Clímaco M.C., Bruno-de-Sousa R.,    2002. Aroma profiles of Portuguese brandies aged in chestnut and oak woods.    Anal. Chim. Acta, 458, 55-62. </p>     ]]></body>
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<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Influence du "bousinage" de la barrique sur les qualités organoleptiques des brandies vieillis en fûts de chêne]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
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