<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0254-0223</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ciência Téc. Vitiv.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0254-0223</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INIAV - DOIS PORTOS (Ex-Estação Vitivinícola Nacional)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0254-02232008000100003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cover Cropping in a sloping, non-irrigated vineyard: I - effects on weed composition and dynamics]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Eenrelvamento em vinha de encosta não regada: I - efeito na composição edinâmica das infestantes]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monteiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernandes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araújo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Técnica de Lisboa ISA - Instituto Superior de Agronomia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisbon ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>29</fpage>
<lpage>36</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0254-02232008000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0254-02232008000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0254-02232008000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The influence of two sward treatments and soil cultivation on the composition, the structure, and the evolution of the biomass of vineyard weed communities was examined. The 3-year study (2002-2004) was carried out in a sloping, non-irrigated vineyard, cv. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, in the Estremadura winegrowing region of Portugal. The experimental treatments were: soil tillage (control); permanent sown cover crop - Lolium perenne ‘Nui’, L. multiflorum ‘Bartíssimo’, Festuca ovina ‘Ridu’, F. rubra ssp. rubra ‘Echo’, Trifolium incarnatum. ‘Red’, T. repens ‘Huie’ and T. subterraneum ‘Claire’; and permanent resident vegetation. Total weed biomass in the spring did not reveal significant differences between treatments, but varied annually. The management practices - e.g. time and number of soil cultivations and inter-row mowing - were determinant in weed biomass evolution. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed significant treatment effects on community structure. Three years after the experiment was set up, in the soil tillage treatment weed composition was dominated by annual broad-leaved species, namely five Geraniaceae species, Medicago polymorpha and Sonchus oleraceus. The perennial broad-leaved species Oxalis pes-caprae was also a dominant species in soil tillage. In both sward treatments there was an increase in the perennial broad-leaved and grass species. Compared to soil tillage, in the resident vegetation treatment there was a significant increase in perennial species, such as Rumex crispus, Veronica anagallis-aquatica and Polypogon monspeliensis, and in the annuals Melilotus indica and Avena sterilis. The increase in these perennial species, which are considered to compete with vines, requires more frequent mowing in the summer. In the permanent sown cover crop treatment, L. perenne and T. repens displayed the ability to re-establish successfully, and their abundance decreased or suppressed most of the annual and perennial weed species.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[No presente trabalho é analisado o efeito do enrelvamento, comparativamente à mobilização do solo, na composição, estrutura e dinâmica das infestantes vitícolas. O estudo de três anos (2002-2004) decorreu numa vinha de encosta, não regada, casta ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, na região Vitícola da Estremadura, Portugal. Foram comparadas três modalidades: mobilização do solo (testemunha), enrelvamento semeado permanente (Lolium perenne ‘Nui’, L. multiflorum ‘Bartíssimo’, Festuca ovina ‘Ridu’, F. rubra ssp. rubra ‘Echo’, Trifolium incarnatum ‘Red’, T. repens ‘Huie’ e T. subterraneum ‘Claire’), e enrelvamento permanente natural. Não se registaram diferenças significativas na biomassa total da vegetação da entrelinha na primavera entre modalidades mas o valor absoluto variou com o ano. As práticas de gestão aplicadas em cada modalidade, designadamente época e número de mobilizações do solo e corte do enrelvamento foram determinantes na evolução da biomassa. A análise canónica de correspondências revelou efeitos significativos entre modalidades nas espécies inventariadas, com implicações nas comunidades residentes. Três anos após o início do ensaio a composição florística na modalidade mobilizada era dominada por espécies dicotiledóneas anuais, designadamente cinco espécies de Geraniaceae, Medicago polymorpha e Sonchus oleraceus. No enrelvamento natural houve um aumento de espécies perenes como Rumex crispus Veronica anagallis-aquatica e Polypogon monspeliensis e de algumas anuais tal como Melilotus indica e Avena sterilis. O aumento daquelas espécies perenes, consideradas como competitivas com a videira implica uma maior frequência dos cortes no verão. No enrelvamento semeado as espécies L. perenne e T. repens mantiveram a sua capacidade de regeneração e a sua abundância reduziu a dominância ou eliminou a maioria das infestantes anuais e perenes inventariadas no enrelvamento natural.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Vitis vinifera L]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[grapevine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cover crops]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[soil tillage]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[weed community]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Vitis vinifera L.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[vinha]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[enrelvamento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[mobilização do solo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[infestantes]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <P align="center"><B>Cover Cropping in a sloping, non-irrigated vineyard: I -    effects on weed composition and dynamics</b></P >     <P   align="center" >&nbsp;</P >     <P   align="center" >&nbsp;</P >     <p   align="center" >A. Monteiro*, C.M. Lopes, J.P. Machado, N. Fernandes, A. Ara&uacute;jo, I. Moreira  </p >     <P   align="center" ></B>* Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade T&eacute;cnica de Lisboa,    Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal E-mail: <a href="mailto:anamonteiro@isa.utl.pt">anamonteiro@isa.utl.pt</a>    Tel.: 351-21-3653162. Fax: 351-21-3635031 </P >     <P   align="center" ><I>(Manuscrito recebido em 29.02.08. Aceite para publica&ccedil;&atilde;o em    23.06.08) </I></P >     <P   align="justify" >&nbsp;</P >     <P   align="justify" >&nbsp;</P >     <p   align="center" ><B>SUMMARY </b></p >     <P   align="justify" >The influence of two sward treatments and soil cultivation on the composition,    the structure, and the evolution of the biomass of vineyard weed communities    was examined. The 3-year study (2002-2004) was carried out in a sloping, non-irrigated    vineyard, cv. &lsquo;Cabernet Sauvignon&rsquo;, in the Estremadura winegrowing    region of Portugal. The experimental treatments were: soil tillage (control);    permanent sown cover crop - <I>Lolium </I><I>perenne</I> &lsquo;Nui&rsquo;<I>,    L. multiflorum</I> &lsquo;Bart&iacute;ssimo&rsquo;<I>, Festuca ovina</I> &lsquo;Ridu&rsquo;,    <I>F. rubra </I>ssp<I>. rubra</I> &lsquo;Echo&rsquo;, <I>Trifolium incarnatum</I>.    &lsquo;Red&rsquo;, <I>T. repens</I> &lsquo;Huie&rsquo; and <I>T. subterraneum</I>    &lsquo;Claire&rsquo;; and permanent resident vegetation. Total weed biomass    in the spring did not reveal significant differences between treatments, but    varied annually. The management practices &ndash; e.g. time and number of soil    cultivations and inter-row mowing &ndash; were determinant in weed biomass evolution.    Canonical correspondence analysis revealed significant treatment effects on    community structure. Three years after the experiment was set up, in the soil    tillage treatment weed composition was dominated by annual broad-leaved species,    namely five <I>Geraniaceae</I> species, <I>Medicago polymorpha </I>and <I>Sonchus    oleraceus. </I>The perennial broad-leaved species<I> Oxalis pes-caprae</I> was    also a dominant species in soil tillage. In both sward treatments there was    an increase in the perennial broad-leaved and grass species. Compared to soil    tillage, in the resident vegetation treatment there was a significant increase    in perennial species, such as <I>Rumex crispus, Veronica anagallis-aquatica</I>    and <I>Polypogon monspeliensis</I>, and in the annuals<I> Melilotus indica</I>    and<I> Avena sterilis</I>. The increase in these perennial species, which are    considered to compete with vines, requires more frequent mowing in the summer.    In the permanent sown cover crop treatment, <I>L. perenne</I> and<I> T. repens</I>    displayed the ability to re-establish successfully, and their abundance decreased    or suppressed most of the annual and perennial weed species. </P >     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P   align="justify" ><B>Keywords</B>: <I>Vitis vinifera</I> L.; grapevine; cover crops; soil tillage;    weed community </P >     <P   align="justify" >&nbsp;</P >     <p   align="center" ><B>RESUMO </b></p>     <p   align="center" ><b>Enrelvamento em vinha de encosta n&atilde;o regada: I - efeito na composi&ccedil;&atilde;o    edin&acirc;mica das infestantes</b> </p>     <P align="justify">No presente trabalho &eacute; analisado o efeito do enrelvamento, comparativamente &agrave; mobiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o do solo, na composi&ccedil;&atilde;o, estrutura e din&acirc;mica das infestantes vit&iacute;colas. O estudo de tr&ecirc;s anos (2002-2004) decorreu numa vinha de encosta, n&atilde;o regada, casta &lsquo;Cabernet Sauvignon&rsquo;, na regi&atilde;o Vit&iacute;cola da Estremadura, Portugal. Foram comparadas tr&ecirc;s modalidades: mobiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o do solo (testemunha), enrelvamento semeado permanente (<I>Lolium perenne</I> &lsquo;Nui&rsquo;<I>, L. multiflorum</I> &lsquo;Bart&iacute;ssimo&rsquo;<I>, Festuca ovina</I> &lsquo;Ridu&rsquo;, <I>F. rubra </I>ssp<I>. rubra</I> &lsquo;Echo&rsquo;, <I>Trifolium incarnatum</I> &lsquo;Red&rsquo;, <I>T. repens </I>&lsquo;Huie&rsquo; e <I>T. subterraneum</I> &lsquo;Claire&rsquo;), e enrelvamento permanente natural. N&atilde;o se registaram diferen&ccedil;as significativas na biomassa total da vegeta&ccedil;&atilde;o da entrelinha na primavera entre modalidades mas o valor absoluto variou com o ano. As pr&aacute;ticas de gest&atilde;o aplicadas em cada modalidade, designadamente &eacute;poca e n&uacute;mero de mobiliza&ccedil;&otilde;es do solo e corte do enrelvamento foram determinantes na evolu&ccedil;&atilde;o da biomassa. A an&aacute;lise can&oacute;nica de correspond&ecirc;ncias revelou efeitos significativos entre modalidades nas esp&eacute;cies inventariadas, com implica&ccedil;&otilde;es nas comunidades residentes. Tr&ecirc;s anos ap&oacute;s o in&iacute;cio do ensaio a composi&ccedil;&atilde;o flor&iacute;stica na modalidade mobilizada era dominada por esp&eacute;cies dicotiled&oacute;neas anuais, designadamente cinco esp&eacute;cies de <I>Geraniaceae</I>, <I>Medicago polymorpha </I>e <I>Sonchus oleraceus.</I> No enrelvamento natural houve um aumento de esp&eacute;cies perenes como <I>Rumex crispus Veronica anagallis-aquatica</I> e <I>Polypogon monspeliensis</I> e de algumas anuais tal como <I>Melilotus indica</I> e <I>Avena sterilis</I>. O aumento daquelas esp&eacute;cies perenes, consideradas como competitivas com a videira implica uma maior frequ&ecirc;ncia dos cortes no ver&atilde;o. No enrelvamento semeado as esp&eacute;cies <I>L. perenne</I> e <I>T. repens</I> mantiveram a sua capacidade de regenera&ccedil;&atilde;o e a sua abund&acirc;ncia reduziu a domin&acirc;ncia ou eliminou a maioria das infestantes anuais e perenes inventariadas no enrelvamento natural. </P >     <P   ><B>Palavras chave</B>:<I> Vitis vinifera</I> L.; vinha, enrelvamento; mobiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o    do solo; infestantes </P >     <P>&nbsp;</p>     <P   >&nbsp;</P >     <P   >Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</P >     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>       <p></p>     <p align="center"><B>REFERENCES</b></p>          <P   align="justify" >Afonso J.M., Monteiro A., Lopes C.M., Louren&ccedil;o J., 2003. Enrelvamento    do solo em vinha na regi&atilde;o dos vinhos verdes. Tr&ecirc;s anos de estudo    na casta &lsquo;Alvarinho&rsquo;. <I>Ci&ecirc;ncia Tec. Vitiv.,</I><B> 18</B>,    47-63. </P >         <P   align="justify" >B&agrave;rberi P., Lo Cascio B., 2001. Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on weed seedbank size and composition. <I>Weed Res., </I><B>41</B>, 325-340. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Baumgartner K., Steenwerth K.L., Veilleux L., 2007. Effects of organic and conventional practices on weed control in a perennial cropping system. <I>Weed Sci</I>., <B>55</B>, 352-358. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Campos L., Franco J.C., Monteiro A., Lopes C.M., 2006. Influ&ecirc;ncia do enrelvamento na abund&acirc;ncia de artr&oacute;podes associados a uma vinha da estremadura. <I>Ci&ecirc;ncia e T&eacute;c. Vitiv., </I><B>21</B>(1), 33-46. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Chantelot E., Carsoulle J., Legoff I., 2001. Maitrise de la teneur en azote des mo&ucirc;ts en sisteme enherbement permanent par pulverization foliaire d&acute;azote. <I>GESCO. In: Compte Rendu XII&eacute;me Joun&eacute;es GESCO, </I>465-472. ENSAM (ed.), Montpellier, France. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Costa J.C., Espirito Santo M.D., Lous&atilde; M., Gonzalez P.M.R., Capelo J., Ars&eacute;nio P., 2001. Flora e vegeta&ccedil;&atilde;o do Divis&oacute;rio Portugu&ecirc;s (Excurs&atilde;o ao Divis&oacute;rio Portugu&ecirc;s). <I>Associa&ccedil;&atilde;o Lusitana de Fitossociologia (ALFA).</I> Lisbon. Portugal. </P >    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P   align="justify" >Costello M.J., Daane K.M., 1998. Arthropods. <I>In</I>:<I> Cover Cropping in Vineyards. A Grower&rsquo;s Handbook.</I> 93-106. Ingels C.A., Bugg R.L., McGourty G.T., Christensen L.P. (eds.), University of California. Publication 3338. Oakland. USA. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Derksen D.A., Lafond G.P., Thomas A.G., Loeppky H.A., Swanton C.J., 1993. Impact of agronomic practices on weed communities: tillage systems. <I>Weed Sci., </I><B>41</B>, 409-417. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Elmore C.L., Roncoroni J., Wade L., Verdegaal P., 1997. Mulch plus herbicides effectively control vineyard weeds. <I>California Agriculture, </I><B>51</B>(2), 14-18. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Felix J., Owen M.D.K., 2004. Weed seed bank comparation in conservation reserve program and adjacent fields under continuous cultivation. <I>Weed Technolog, </I><B>18</B>, 45-51. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Folorunso O.A., Rolston D.E., Prichard T., Louie D.T., 1992a. Cover crops lower soil strength, may improve soil permeability. <I>California Agriculture, </I><B>46</B>, 26-27. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Folorunso O.A., Rolston D.E., Prichard T., Louie D.T., 1992b. Soil surface strength and infiltration rate as affected by winter cover crops. <I>Soil Technology, </I><B>5</B>, 189-197. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Fourie J.C., 2005. Cover crop management in the vineyards of the Lower Orange River region South Africa: 1. Performance of grass and brodleaf species. <I>S. Afr. J. Enol. Vitic.,</I><B> 26(2)</B>, 140-146. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Fraz&atilde;o A., Moreira I., 1990. Influence des techniques de d&eacute;sherbage sur l&rsquo;&eacute;volution de la flore adventice et l&rsquo;incidence des maladies de la vigne au Ribatejo, Portugal. <I>IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, </I><B>13</B>, 28-31. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Geoffrion R., 1999. L&acute;enherbement permanent, 40 ans apr&egrave;s. <I>Phytoma, </I><B>519</B>, 25-27. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Gulick S.H., Grimes D.W., Munk D.S., Goldhamer D.A., 1994. Cover-crop enhanced water infiltration of a slowly permeable fine sandy loam soil. <I> Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., </I><B>58</B>, 1539-1546. </P >    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P   align="justify" >Gut D., Huber Y., Barben E.,1997. Weed management in orchards: impacts of winter groundcover on apple tree performance and soil microbial biomass and activity. <I>In: Proceedings 10</I><Sup><I>th</I></Sup><I> EWRS Symposium 1997</I>, Poznan, Poland, 97. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Hartwig N.L., Ammon H.U., 2002. Cover crops and living mulches. <I>Weed Sci., </I><B>50</B>, 688-699. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Hirschfelt D.J., 1998. Soil fertility and vine nutrition. <I>In</I>:<I> Cover Cropping in Vineyards. A Grower&rsquo;s Handbook.</I> 61-68. Ingels C.A., Bugg R.L., McGourty G.T., Christensen L.P. (eds.), University of California. Publication 3338. Oakland. USA. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Lopes C.M., Monteiro A., R&uuml;ckert F.E., Gruber B., Steinberg B., Schultz H.R., 2004. Transpiration of grapevines and co-habitating cover crop and weed species in a vineyard. A &ldquo;snapshot&rdquo; at diurnal trends. <I>Vitis, </I><B>43</B>, 111-117. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Lopes C.M., Monteiro A., Machado J.P., Fernandes N., Ara&uacute;jo A. 2008. Cover cropping in a slopping non-irrigated vineyard: II Effects on vegetative growth, yield, berry and wine quality of &lsquo;Cabernet Sauvignon&rsquo; grapevines. <I>Ci&ecirc;ncia T&eacute;c. Vitiv.</I>, (this volume) </P >    <P   align="justify" >Monteiro A., Lopes C.M., 2007. Influence of cover crop on water use and performance of vineyard in Mediterranean Portugal. <I>Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., </I><B>121</B>, 336-342. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Monteiro A., Moreira I., 2004. Reduced rates of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides for weed control in vineyards. <I>Weed Res.</I>, <B>44</B>(2), 117-128. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Moreira I., Esp&iacute;rito Santo D., Gaspar N., 1992. Evolu&ccedil;&atilde;o da vegeta&ccedil;&atilde;o das vinhas. <I>Proceedings II Simp. Vitivinicultura do Alentejo,</I> &Eacute;vora, Portugal, 165-172. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Moreira I., Monteiro A., 2000. Gest&atilde;o da flora das vinhas. <I>Prot. Prod. Plantas, </I>142-170. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Morlat R., Jacquet A., Asselin C., 1993. L&rsquo;enherbement permanent contr&ocirc;l&eacute; des sols viticoles: Principaux r&eacute;sultats obtenus en Anjou. <I>In: Compte Rendu 7&eacute;me Joun&eacute;es GESCO,</I> 89-95. CICV &ndash; Mumm Perriet-Jouet (ed.), Rheims, France. </P >    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P   align="justify" >Olmstead M.A., Wample R.L. Greene S.L. Tarara J.M. 2001. Evaluation of potential cover crops for Inland Pacific Northwest vineyards. <I>Am. J. Enol. Vitic., </I><B>52(4)</B>, 292-303 </P >    <P   align="justify" >Pacheco C.M.A., Laureano O. Tom&eacute; J.A., 1991. Culture et non culture de la vigne: r&eacute;sultats de production, vigueur e et composition des mo&ucirc;ts, sur huit ann&eacute;es d&rsquo;essais. <I>Annales ANPP, </I><B>3</B>, 249-255. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Prichard T.L., 1998. Water use and infiltration. <I>In</I>:<I> Cover Cropping in Vineyards. A Grower&rsquo;s Handbook.</I> 85-90. Ingels C.A., Bugg R.L., McGourty G.T., Christensen L.P. (eds.), University of California. Publication 3338. Oakland. USA. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Shanks L.W., Moore D.E., Sanders C.E. 1998. Soil erosion. <I>In</I>: <I>Cover Cropping in Vineyards. A Grower&rsquo;s Handbook.</I> 80-85. Ingels C.A., Bugg R.L., McGourty G.T., Christensen L.P. (eds.), University of California. Publication 3338. Oakland. USA. </P >    <P   align="justify" >Shrestha A., Knezevic R.C., Roy R.C., Ball-Coelho B.R., Swanton C.J., 2002. Effect of tillage, cover crop and crop rotation on the composition of weed flora in a sandy soil. <I>Weed Res., </I><B>42</B><I>, </I>76-87. </P >     <P   align="justify" >Streit B., Rieger S.B., Stamp P., Richner W., 2003. Weed populations in winter    wheat as affected by crop sequence, intensity of tillage and time of herbicide    application in a cool and humid climate. <I>Weed Res.</I><B>, 43</B>, 20-32.  </P >      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Afonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monteiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lourenço]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Enrelvamento do solo em vinha na região dos vinhos verdes. Três anos de estudo na casta ‘Alvarinho’]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ciência Tec. Vitiv.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>47-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
