<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0430-5027</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Finisterra - Revista Portuguesa de Geografia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Finisterra]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0430-5027</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudos Geográficos]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0430-50272010000100003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Geografias do Mundo Imaginado]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Geographies of the imagined world]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Les geographies d’un monde imagine]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alegria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Fernanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,UL - Universidade de Lisboa CEG - Centro de Estudos Geográficos ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>89</numero>
<fpage>27</fpage>
<lpage>46</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0430-50272010000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0430-50272010000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0430-50272010000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[A ideia de que a Geografia tem muito a ver com a construção de imagens do mundo e não apenas com uma “realidade objectiva”, conduziu às representações mentais de alguns países. Nas múltiplas e variadas representações possíveis de 12 países (Portugal, França, Noruega, Egipto, Mauritânia, Moçambique, Estados Unidos, México, Brasil, China, Paquistão, Arábia Saudita), começou por ser registada a respectiva localização num mapa-mundo, feita por mais de 300 pessoas, cuja escolarização mínima era a frequência do ensino secundário. O conjunto amplo de imagens mentais, três para cada país, registadas livremente, levou à definição de seis categorias, que agrupam imagens mentais afins: natureza, cultura e história, turismo e gastronomia, economia e sociedade, menção de locais e erradas e sem resposta. A ideia mais escolhida em cada categoria foi destacada. A localização, a categoria erradas e sem resposta, bem como a imagem dominante revelaram-se significativas na repartição dos países, de acordo com a riqueza e a variedade de representações. Obtidas respostas para algumas das perguntas colocadas, muitas outras ficam em aberto.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The idea that Geography is more about the construction of images of the world than about a given “objective reality” inspired this study of the mental representations of several countries. Among the multiple possible representations of 12 countries (Portugal, France, Norway, Egypt, Mauritania, Mozambique, United States, Mexico, Brazil, China, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia), we began by charting their location in a world map as indicated by over 300 respondents with at least high school attendance. Then, the compilation of a vast number of mental images (three per country and respondent) led to the definition of six general categories that bring together mental images of a similar kind: nature, culture and history, tourism and gastronomy, economy and society, specific places and no answer/wrong answers. In each category, we have highlighted the dominant (most frequent) idea. Location, the relative frequency of the no answer/wrong answers category and the dominant images for each country all proved significant when it comes to dividing the countries into groups, and serve as indicators of the richness and variety of the mental representations. The study provided answers to some of the original research questions, but leaves many others unanswered.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[L’idée que la Géographie est étroitement liée à la construction d’images relatives au Monde, et non pas seulement à sa réalité objective, a conduit à l’étude des représentations mentales concernant 12 pays: Portugal, France, Norvège, Égypte, Mauritanie, Mozambique, États-Unis, Mexique, Brésil, Chine, Paquistan et Arabie saoudite. Des nombreuses et diverses représentations fournies par plus de 300 personnes, de formation au moins secondaire, on a d’abord considéré la localisation des pays sur un planisphère. Les trois images mentales, choisies librement sur chaque pays, ont été ensuite regroupées en 6 catégories: nature, culture et histoire, tourisme et gastronomie, économie et société, lieux mentionnés, réponses fausses ou absentes. L’idée la plus fréquemment émise a été mise en relief. On constate que la qualité de la localisation, l’importance de la catégorie réponse fausse ou absente et l’image dominante sont en bonne corrélation avec la richesse et la variété des représentations concernant les divers pays. Il serait souhaitable d’approfondir ce type de recherche.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Localização]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[imagem mental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[países]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[categorias de representações]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Location]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mental image]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[countries]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[representational categories]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Localisation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[image mentale]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[pays]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[catégories de représentation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p><b>Geografias do Mundo Imaginado</b></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>Maria Fernanda Alegria*</p>      <p>Investigadora do Centro de Estudos Geogr&aacute;ficos. E-mail: <a href="mailto:mfalegria@netcabo.pt">mfalegria@netcabo.pt</a></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>RESUMO</b> &#8211; A ideia de que a Geografia tem muito a ver com a constru&ccedil;&atilde;o de imagens do mundo e n&atilde;o apenas com uma &#8220;realidade objectiva&#8221;, conduziu &agrave;s representa&ccedil;&otilde;es mentais de alguns pa&iacute;ses. Nas m&uacute;ltiplas e variadas representa&ccedil;&otilde;es poss&iacute;veis de 12 pa&iacute;ses (Portugal, Fran&ccedil;a, Noruega, Egipto, Maurit&acirc;nia, Mo&ccedil;ambique, Estados Unidos, M&eacute;xico, Brasil, China, Paquist&atilde;o, Ar&aacute;bia Saudita), come&ccedil;ou por ser registada a respectiva localiza&ccedil;&atilde;o num mapa-mundo, feita por mais de 300 pessoas, cuja escolariza&ccedil;&atilde;o m&iacute;nima era a frequ&ecirc;ncia do ensino secund&aacute;rio. O conjunto amplo de imagens mentais, tr&ecirc;s para cada pa&iacute;s, registadas livremente, levou &agrave; defini&ccedil;&atilde;o de seis categorias, que agrupam imagens mentais afins: <i>natureza</i>, <i>cultura e hist&oacute;ria</i>, <i>turismo e gastronomia</i>, <i>economia e sociedade</i>, <i>men&ccedil;&atilde;o de locais </i>e <i>erradas e sem resposta</i>. A ideia mais escolhida em cada categoria foi destacada. A localiza&ccedil;&atilde;o, a categoria <i>erradas e sem resposta, </i>bem como a imagem dominante revelaram-se significativas na reparti&ccedil;&atilde;o dos pa&iacute;ses, de acordo com a riqueza e a variedade de representa&ccedil;&otilde;es. Obtidas respostas para algumas das perguntas colocadas, muitas outras ficam em aberto. </p>      <p><b><i>Palavras-chave</i></b><b><i>:</i></b> Localiza&ccedil;&atilde;o, imagem mental, pa&iacute;ses, categorias de representa&ccedil;&otilde;es.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>Geographies of the imagined world.</b></p>      <p><b>ABSTRACT</b> &#8211; The idea that Geography is more about the construction of images of the world than about a given &#8220;objective reality&#8221; inspired this study of the mental representations of several countries. Among the multiple possible representations of 12 countries (Portugal, France, Norway, Egypt, Mauritania, Mozambique, United States, Mexico, Brazil, China, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia), we began by charting their location in a world map as indicated by over 300 respondents with at least high school attendance. Then, the compilation of a vast number of mental images (three per country and respondent) led to the definition of six general categories that bring together mental images of a similar kind: <i>nature, culture and history, tourism and gastronomy, economy and society, specific places and no answer/wrong answers</i>. In each category, we have highlighted the dominant (most frequent) idea. Location, the relative frequency of the <i>no answer/wrong answers </i>category and the dominant images for each country all proved significant when it comes to dividing the countries into groups, and serve as indicators of the richness and variety of the mental representations. The study provided answers to some of the original research questions, but leaves many others unanswered. </p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><b><i>Key words:</i></b> Location, mental image, countries, representational categories.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>Les geographies d&#8217;un monde imagine </b></p>      <p><b>RESUME</b> &#8211;. L&#8217;id&eacute;e que la G&eacute;ographie est &eacute;troitement li&eacute;e &agrave; la construction d&#8217;images relatives au Monde, et non pas seulement &agrave; sa r&eacute;alit&eacute; objective, a conduit &agrave; l&#8217;&eacute;tude des repr&eacute;sentations mentales concernant 12 pays: Portugal, France, Norv&egrave;ge, &Eacute;gypte, Mauritanie, Mozambique, &Eacute;tats-Unis, Mexique, Br&eacute;sil, Chine, Paquistan et Arabie saoudite. Des nombreuses et diverses repr&eacute;sentations fournies par plus de 300 personnes, de formation au moins secondaire, on a d&#8217;abord consid&eacute;r&eacute; la localisation des pays sur un planisph&egrave;re. Les trois images mentales, choisies librement sur chaque pays, ont &eacute;t&eacute; ensuite regroup&eacute;es en 6 cat&eacute;gories: <i>nature, culture et histoire, tourisme et gastronomie, &eacute;conomie et soci&eacute;t&eacute;, lieux mentionn&eacute;s, r&eacute;ponses fausses ou absentes</i>. L&#8217;id&eacute;e la plus fr&eacute;quemment &eacute;mise a &eacute;t&eacute; mise en relief. On constate que la qualit&eacute; de la localisation, l&#8217;importance de la cat&eacute;gorie <i>r&eacute;ponse fausse ou absente </i>et l&#8217;image dominante sont en bonne corr&eacute;lation avec la richesse et la vari&eacute;t&eacute; des repr&eacute;sentations concernant les divers pays. Il serait souhaitable d&#8217;approfondir ce type de recherche. </p>      <p><b><i>Mots cl&eacute;s:</i></b> Localisation, image mentale, pays, cat&eacute;gories de repr&eacute;sentation. </p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p>BIBLIOGRAFIA </p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Alegria M F (2006) Paisagens desconhecidas de Portugal e Espanha. <i>In </i>Asociaci&oacute;n de Profesores de Geograf&iacute;a (ed.) <i>Cultura Geogr&aacute;fica y Educaci&oacute;n de los Ciudadanos</i>., Univ. Castilla-la-Mancha: 499-512. </p>      <!-- ref --><p>Alegria M F (2005) Representa&ccedil;&otilde;es sobre a imagem na aprendizagem geogr&aacute;fica. <i>Finisterra &#8211; Revista Portuguesa de Geografia</i>, XL(79): 177-193. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000024&pid=S0430-5027201000010000300001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>Alegria M F (2004) Imagem, Imagina&ccedil;&atilde;o, Geografia. <i>Apogeo</i>, 27-28: 4-9. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000025&pid=S0430-5027201000010000300002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>Bailly A (2007) Une &eacute;pist&eacute;mologie de la G&eacute;ographie Appliqu&eacute;e. <i>In </i>Centro de Estudos Geogr&aacute;ficos (ed.) <i>Geophilia. O sentir e os sentidos da Geografia. Homenagem a Jorge Gaspar</i>. Centro de Estudos Geogr&aacute;ficos, Lisboa: 79-45. </p>      <p>Bailly A (1992) Les repr&eacute;sentations en G&eacute;ographie. <i>In Encyclop&eacute;die de G&eacute;ographie</i>, Economica, Paris: 371-383. </p>      <p>Bourdieu P (1989) <i>O poder simb&oacute;lico</i>. Difel, Lisboa.</p>       <!-- ref --><p>Daveau S (1984) Vis&atilde;o do mundo, televis&atilde;o e ensino da Geografia. <i>Finisterra &#8211; Revista Portuguesa de Geografia</i>, XIX(38): 252-256. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000029&pid=S0430-5027201000010000300003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>Ferin I (2002) <i>Comunica&ccedil;&atilde;o e culturas do quotidiano</i>. Quimera. </p>      <p>Fr&eacute;mont A (1976) <i>La R&eacute;gion, Espace V&eacute;cu</i>, P.U.F., Paris. </p>      <p>Freund B (2007) Portugal e Alemanha. Elementos de uma compara&ccedil;&atilde;o ins&oacute;lita. <i>In Geophilia. O sentir e os sentidos da Geografia. Homenagem a Jorge Gaspar. </i>Centro de Estudos Geogr&aacute;ficos, Lisboa: 335-359. </p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Gibson J J (1950) <i>The perception of the visual world</i>. Boston Houghton Miffflin. </p>      <p>Giddens A (2006) <i>O mundo na era da globaliza&ccedil;&atilde;o</i>. 6.&ordf; Ed. Presen&ccedil;a, Barcarena. </p>      <p>Gumuchian H (1991) <i>Repr&eacute;sentations et am&eacute;nagement du territoire</i>. Anthropos, Paris. </p>      <p>Popper K (1972) <i>Objective knowledge: an evolutionary approach</i>. Clarendon Press, Oxford. </p>      <p>Silva I, Freitas P (2001) <i>Representa&ccedil;&otilde;es mentais de Portugal na Hungria</i>. Presen&ccedil;a, Lisboa. </p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p>Recebido: 27/02/2009. Aceite: 15/12/2009.</p>       ]]></body><back>
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</article>
