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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0430-5027</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Finisterra - Revista Portuguesa de Geografia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Finisterra]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0430-5027</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudos Geográficos]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0430-50272010000100010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Methodology to assess thermal extremes mortality risk in urban areas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Metodologia para a avaliação de risco de mortalidade por extremos térmicos em áreas urbanas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Methodologie pour l’evaluation du risque de mortalite du aux temperatures extremes en zones urbaines]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canário]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paulo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,UL - University of Lisbon IGOT - Institute of Geography & Spatial Planning CEG - Centre for Geographical Studies]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>89</numero>
<fpage>171</fpage>
<lpage>177</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0430-50272010000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0430-50272010000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0430-50272010000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The impact of heat waves on mortality has been the subject of numerous studies and the focus of attention of various national and international governmental bodies. In the summer of 2003 alone, which was exceptionally hot, the number of deaths in 12 European countries increased by 70,000. The overall trend of warming will lead to an increase in frequency, duration and intensity of heat waves and to an increase in heat related mortality. The need to assess the risk of death due to extreme heat, at a detailed spatial scale, has determined the implementation of a research project based on a general model of risk for potentially destructive natural phenomena; the model uses the relationship between hazard and vulnerability and was designed primarily for urban areas. The major hazardous meteorological variables are those that determine the thermal complex (air temperature, radiative temperature, wind and humidity) and the variables related to air quality (mainly ozone and Particulate matter). Vulnerability takes into account the population sensitivity (at various spatial scales) and their exposure to thermal extremes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[O impacte das ondas de calor na mortalidade tem sido objecto de numerosos estudos e tem sido alvo da atenção de vários organismos governamentais nacionais e internacionais. Só no Verão de 2003, excepcionalmente quente, terá havido uma sobremortalidade de 70 000 pessoas em 12 países europeus. A tendência global de aquecimento levará a um aumento na frequência, duração e intensidade das ondas de calor e a um aumento na mortalidade atribuível ao calor. A necessidade de avaliar o risco de morte atribuível a extremos térmicos a uma escala espacial detalhada determinou o desenvolvimento de uma investigação alicerçada num modelo geral de risco para fenómenos naturais potencialmente destruidores assente na relação entre perigosidade e vulnerabilidade para ser aplicado essencialmente em áreas urbanas. Consideram-se como principais elementos constituintes da perigosidade as variáveis meteorológicas que determinam o complexo térmico (temperatura do ar, temperatura radiativa, vento e humidade) bem como variáveis relacionadas com a qualidade do ar (principalmente o ozono e as partículas). A vulnerabilidade é considerada tendo em conta a sensibilidade das populações (a várias escalas espaciais) e a sua exposição aos extremos térmicos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[De nombreuses études ont été consacrées à l’impact des ondes de chaleur sur la mortalité, de la part d’organismes gouvernementaux ou internationaux. Pendant l’été 2003, exceptionnellement chaud, la surmortalité aurait atteint 70 000 individus, dans 12 pays européens. La tendance mondiale au réchauffement va augmenter la fréquence, la durée et l’intensité des ondes de chaleur et donc la mortalité résultante. Pour mieux connaître, à une échelle spatiale détaillée, le risque de mort attribuable aux extrêmes thermiques, on a développé une recherche basée sur un modèle général du risque applicable aux phénomènes naturels potentiellement destructifs en zones urbaines et reposant sur le rapport existant entre la périgosité et la vulnérabilité. Les principaux éléments constituant la périgosité seraient les variables météorologiques déterminant le complexe thermique (température de l’air, température radiative, vent et humidité) et les variables relatives à la qualité de l’air (surtout l’ozone et les particules). La vulnérabilité prend en compte la sensibilité des populations, aux diverses échelles spatiales, et leur degré d’exposition aux extrêmes thermiques.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Heat wave]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mortality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[risk]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vulnerability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sensitivity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Onda de calor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[mortalidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[risco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[vulnerabilidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[sensibilidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Ondes de chaleur]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[mortalité]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[risque]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[vulnérabilité]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[sensibilité]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p><b>Methodology to assess thermal extremes mortality risk in urban areas</b></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>Paulo Can&aacute;rio<sup>*</sup></p>      <p><sup>*</sup>Research Group of Climate &amp; Environmental Changes (CliMA),    Centre for Geographical Studies (CEG), Institute of Geography &amp; Spatial    Planning (IGOT). E-mail: <a href="mailto:pmscanario@gmail.com">pmscanario@gmail.com</a>  </p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>ABSTRACT </b>&#8211; The impact of heat waves on mortality has been the subject of numerous studies and the focus of attention of various national and international governmental bodies. In the summer of 2003 alone, which was exceptionally hot, the number of deaths in 12 European countries increased by 70,000. The overall trend of warming will lead to an increase in frequency, duration and intensity of heat waves and to an increase in heat related mortality. The need to assess the risk of death due to extreme heat, at a detailed spatial scale, has determined the implementation of a research project based on a general model of risk for potentially destructive natural phenomena; the model uses the relationship between hazard and vulnerability and was designed primarily for urban areas. The major hazardous meteorological variables are those that determine the thermal complex (air temperature, radiative temperature, wind and humidity) and the variables related to air quality (mainly ozone and Particulate matter). Vulnerability takes into account the population sensitivity (at various spatial scales) and their exposure to thermal extremes. </p>      <p><b><i>Key words</i></b>: Heat wave, mortality, risk, vulnerability, sensitivity. </p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>Metodologia para a avalia&ccedil;&atilde;o de risco de mortalidade por extremos t&eacute;rmicos em &aacute;reas urbanas.</b></p>      <p><b>RESUMO </b>&#8211; O impacte das ondas de calor na mortalidade tem sido objecto de numerosos estudos e tem sido alvo da aten&ccedil;&atilde;o de v&aacute;rios organismos governamentais nacionais e internacionais. S&oacute; no Ver&atilde;o de 2003, excepcionalmente quente, ter&aacute; havido uma sobremortalidade de 70 000 pessoas em 12 pa&iacute;ses europeus. A tend&ecirc;ncia global de aquecimento levar&aacute; a um aumento na frequ&ecirc;ncia, dura&ccedil;&atilde;o e intensidade das ondas de calor e a um aumento na mortalidade atribu&iacute;vel ao calor. A necessidade de avaliar o risco de morte atribu&iacute;vel a extremos t&eacute;rmicos a uma escala espacial detalhada determinou o desenvolvimento de uma investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o alicer&ccedil;ada num modelo geral de risco para fen&oacute;menos naturais potencialmente destruidores assente na rela&ccedil;&atilde;o entre perigosidade e vulnerabilidade para ser aplicado essencialmente em &aacute;reas urbanas. Consideram-se como principais elementos constituintes da perigosidade as vari&aacute;veis meteorol&oacute;gicas que determinam o complexo t&eacute;rmico (temperatura do ar, temperatura radiativa, vento e humidade) bem como vari&aacute;veis relacionadas com a qualidade do ar (principalmente o ozono e as part&iacute;culas). A vulnerabilidade &eacute; considerada tendo em conta a sensibilidade das popula&ccedil;&otilde;es (a v&aacute;rias escalas espaciais) e a sua exposi&ccedil;&atilde;o aos extremos t&eacute;rmicos. </p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p><b><i>Palavras-chave</i></b>: Onda de calor, mortalidade, risco, vulnerabilidade, sensibilidade. </p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>Methodologie pour l&#8217;evaluation du risque de mortalite du aux temperatures extremes en zones urbaines </b></p>      <p><b>RESUME </b>&#8211; De nombreuses &eacute;tudes ont &eacute;t&eacute; consacr&eacute;es &agrave; l&#8217;impact des ondes de chaleur sur la mortalit&eacute;, de la part d&#8217;organismes gouvernementaux ou internationaux. Pendant l&#8217;&eacute;t&eacute; 2003, exceptionnellement chaud, la surmortalit&eacute; aurait atteint 70 000 individus, dans 12 pays europ&eacute;ens. La tendance mondiale au r&eacute;chauffement va augmenter la fr&eacute;quence, la dur&eacute;e et l&#8217;intensit&eacute; des ondes de chaleur et donc la mortalit&eacute; r&eacute;sultante. Pour mieux conna&icirc;tre, &agrave; une &eacute;chelle spatiale d&eacute;taill&eacute;e, le risque de mort attribuable aux extr&ecirc;mes thermiques, on a d&eacute;velopp&eacute; une recherche bas&eacute;e sur un mod&egrave;le g&eacute;n&eacute;ral du risque applicable aux ph&eacute;nom&egrave;nes naturels potentiellement destructifs en zones urbaines et reposant sur le rapport existant entre la p&eacute;rigosit&eacute; et la vuln&eacute;rabilit&eacute;. Les principaux &eacute;l&eacute;ments constituant la p&eacute;rigosit&eacute; seraient les variables m&eacute;t&eacute;orologiques d&eacute;terminant le complexe thermique (temp&eacute;rature de l&#8217;air, temp&eacute;rature radiative, vent et humidit&eacute;) et les variables relatives &agrave; la qualit&eacute; de l&#8217;air (surtout l&#8217;ozone et les particules). La vuln&eacute;rabilit&eacute; prend en compte la sensibilit&eacute; des populations, aux diverses &eacute;chelles spatiales, et leur degr&eacute; d&#8217;exposition aux extr&ecirc;mes thermiques. </p>      <p><b><i>Mots-cl&eacute;s: </i></b>Ondes de chaleur, mortalit&eacute;, risque, vuln&eacute;rabilit&eacute;, sensibilit&eacute;. </p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p>REFERENCES </p>      ]]></body>
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