<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0870-1164</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Corrosão e Protecção de Materiais]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Corros. Prot. Mater.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0870-1164</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, I.P.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0870-11642007000100001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Breve História das Tintas Antivegetativas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Brief History of Antifouling Paints]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elisabete]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diamantino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Teresa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Orlando de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,INETI - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hempel Portugal  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Palmela ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>6</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-11642007000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0870-11642007000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0870-11642007000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Neste trabalho, os autores apresentam uma panorâmica geral sobre as tintas antivegetativas. Após a conveniente localização destas tintas no esquema de protecção anticorrosiva das obras vivas dos navios e / ou outras estruturas móveis, fazem uma síntese dos principais tipos de produtos antivegetativos usados ao longo dos tempos, até aos nossos dias. Complementarmente, sistematizam as principais tipologias dos organismos vivos que se fixam nas obras vivas das embarcações e referem alguns tipos de fauna e flora predominantes em duas regiões da Ibero-América. Abordam também, ainda que sumariamente, os principais mecanismos básicos de funcionamento dos diferentes tipos de tintas antivegetativas. Finalmente, referem algumas das principais linhas de investigação actualmente em curso, no domínio da luta contra a fixação dos organismos marinhos nos cascos dos navios.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In this work the authors present a general overview of maritime paints, paying particular attention to the case of antifouling paints. After locating these paints in the anticorrosive protection systems used on the underwater parts of ships and/or other moving structures, a summary is made of the main types of antifouling products used through history up to the present time. This is complemented by an assessment of the main types of living organisms that fix themselves to the underwater parts of ships, mentioning a number of families of fouling predominant in two regions of Ibero-America. Consideration is also briefly made of the main basic mechanisms by which the different types of antifouling paints work. Finally, a number of actual research lines on antifouling technologies are mentioned.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Protecção de Navios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Obras Vivas de Navio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Tintas Marítimas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Tintas Antivegetativas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Organismos Marinhos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ships Protection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Underwater Parts of Ships]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Marine Paints]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Antifouling Paints]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fouling]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <html>  <head>  </head>          <p align="center"><b>Breve Hist&oacute;ria das Tintas Antivegetativas</b></p>     <p align="center">Elisabete Almeida<sup>(<a href="#1">1</a><a name="top1"></a>)    (<a href="#4">*</a><a name="top4"></a>)</sup>, Teresa Diamantino<sup> (<a href="#2">2</a><a name="top2"></a>)</sup>,    Orlando de Sousa<sup> (<a href="#3">3</a><a name="top3"></a>)</sup></p>     <p align="center" ><i>Artigo submetido em Abril de 2006 e aceite em Julho de 2006</i></p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="center"><b>Resumo</b></p>      <p align="justify"  >Neste trabalho, os autores apresentam uma panorâmica geral    sobre as tintas antivegetativas. Após a conveniente localização destas tintas    no esquema de protecção anticorrosiva das obras vivas dos navios e / ou outras    estruturas móveis, fazem uma síntese dos principais tipos de produtos antivegetativos    usados ao longo dos tempos, até aos nossos dias. Complementarmente, sistematizam    as principais tipologias dos organismos vivos que se fixam nas obras vivas das    embarcações e referem alguns tipos de fauna e flora predominantes em duas regiões    da Ibero-América. Abordam também, ainda que sumariamente, os principais mecanismos    básicos de funcionamento dos diferentes tipos de tintas antivegetativas. Finalmente,    referem algumas das principais linhas de investigação actualmente em curso,    no domínio da luta contra a fixação dos organismos marinhos nos cascos dos navios.</p>      <p align="justify"  ><b><i >Palavras-chave</i></b>: Protecção de Navios, Obras    Vivas de Navio, Tintas Marítimas, Tintas Antivegetativas, Organismos Marinhos</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="center" ><b >Brief History of Antifouling Paints</b></p>      <p align="center" ><b>&nbsp;</b><b>Abstract</b></p>      <p align="justify">In this work the authors present a general overview of maritime    paints, paying particular attention to the case of antifouling paints. After    locating these paints in the anticorrosive protection systems used on the underwater    parts of ships and/or other moving structures, a summary is made of the main    types of antifouling products used through history up to the present time. This    is complemented by an assessment of the main types of living organisms that    fix themselves to the underwater parts of ships, mentioning a number of families    of fouling predominant in two regions of Ibero-America. Consideration is also    briefly made of the main basic mechanisms by which the different types of antifouling    paints work. Finally, a number of actual research lines on antifouling technologies    are mentioned.</p>     <p align="justify"><b><i >Keywords</i></b><i>: </i>Ships Protection, Underwater    Parts of Ships, Marine Paints, Antifouling Paints, Fouling</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF. </p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b >REFERÊNCIAS</b></p>        <p>[1] I. S. Walker, <i>PCE - JPCL</i>, 10, 24 (1999).</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p >[2] E. Almeida, <i >Bol. Electr. </i><i>Corros.</i>, 72, 19 (1974). &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000023&pid=S0870-1164200700010000100001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p  >[3] A. Abbot, P. D. W. Arnold and A. Milne, <i >Sci. </i><i >Total Environ.,</i> 258, 5 (2000).</p>      <p  >[4] E. Almeida, <i >Bol. Electr. </i><i>Corros</i>., 81, 34 (1975).</p>      <p  >[5]  U. S. (Environmental Protection Agency, Uniform National Discharge Standards for Vessels of the Armed Forces), Final rule, Federal Register, 63, 176, Sept., 11 (1998).</p>      <p  >[6] IMO-MEPC 38 (1996) (v) (Terms of reference for a corresponding group on the reduction of harmful effects of the use of antifouling paints for ships), IMO-MEPC paper MEPC 38/WP. 6 (1996).</p>      <p  >[7] M. A. CHAMP, <i >Mar. Pollut. Bull.</i>, 46, 935 (2003).</p>      <p  >[8] A. Toussaint, M. Piens and E. Almeida, <i>Double Liaison-Chemie des Peitures</i>, DOLIA XXV, 271, 87 (1978).</p>      <p  >[9] A. M. Berensen, PCE - JPCL, 9, 24 (1998).</p>      <p  >[10] NF X 40-504 (Protection en milieu marin. Identification pratique des principales salissures de careens), AFNOR, Paris, France (1969).</p>      <p  >[11] Catalogue des principales salissures marines, Vol. 1 <i >Balanes</i>, OCDE, Nº 15088, Paris, France (1963).</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p  >[12] Catalogue des principales salissures marines, Vol. 2 <i >Briozoaires</i>, OCDE, Nº 17916, Paris, France (1963).</p>      <p  >[13] Catalogue des principales salissures marines, Vol. 3 <i >Serpules Tubicoles</i>, OCDE, Nº 21668, Paris, France (1963).</p>      <p  >[14] Catalogue des principales salissures marines, Vol. 4 <i >Ascidies</i>, OCDE, Nº 24780, Paris, France (1963).</p>      <p  >[15] E. Almeida, A. Maia and A. Batista (Preliminary survey of the macrofouling occurring on experimental steel coated panels in the Peniche port)<i > in</i> <i >Proceedings of 7<sup>th</sup> International Congress of Marine Corrosion and Fouling</i>, November, Valencia, España, (1988).</p>      <p  >[16] V. J. D. Rascio, Guia pratico da corrosão naval, Guia nº 3, RICORR, CYTED, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (1994).</p>      <p  >[17] J. J. Capari, A. R. DiSarli and B. del Amo, <i>Pigm. Res. </i><i>Techn</i>., 29, 1, 12 (2000).</p>      <p  >[18] M. Callow, <i >Chem.</i><i > Ind.</i>, 5, 123 (1990).</p>      <p  >[19] <a href="http://naufragium.blogspot.com/2003_09_01_naufragium_archive.com" target="_blank">http://naufragium.blogspot.com/2003_09_01_naufragium_archive.com</a></p>      <p  >[20] H. C. Ekama, A. M. Londen and P. Wolf (Results of an inquiry into the condition of ship&#8217;s hulls in relation to fouling and corrosion), TNO, Delft, Report nº 47 C (12-11) Dec. (1962).</p>      <p  >[21] C. D. Anderson, IBS, UK, IBC UK Conferences Limited, UK, 1 (1998).</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p  >[22] V. J. D. Rascio, B. Giudice and B. del Amo,<i > Corros. </i><i >Rev</i>., 8, 1, 87 (1988).</p>      <p  >[23] C. D. Anderson, CDA, UK, CDA, Sws Conf., 1 (1995).</p>      <p  >[24] D. M. Yebra, Soren Kill and K. D. Johansen, <i >Prog. Org. Coat.</i>, 50, 75 (2004).</p>      <p  >[25] F. Marson,<i > J. Appl. Chem</i>., 19, 93 (1969).</p>      <p  >[26] CEPE Antifouling Working Group, Final Report, EC Project Nº 961559/3040/DEB/E2 (1999).</p>      <p  >[27] C. D. Anderson (Self-polishing antifoulings: A scientific perspective) <i >in</i> <i >Proceedings of Ship Repair &amp; Conversion</i>, 93 (1993).</p>      <p  >[28] A. R. Fernandez Alb<i > et al.</i>, <i >Anal. </i><i >Chim. Acta</i>, 456, 303 (2002).</p>      <p  >[29] I. Omae, <i>Appl. Organomet. Chem</i>., 17, 181 (2003).</p>      <p  >[30] CEPE Antifouling Working Groupe, Final Report, EC Project Nº 961559/3040/DEB/E2 (1999).</p>      <p  >[31] S. Swain, <i >PCE - JPCL</i>, 7, 18 (1999).</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p  >[32] R. F. Brady <i >et al.</i>, <i >Surf. Coat. Intern</i>., 82, 12, 582 (1999).</p>      <p  >[33] M. Ryle, <i >The Motor ship</i>, 34 (1999).</p>      <p>[34] S. Abarzua, S. Jakubowsky, <i >Mar. Ecol. Prog. Se</i><i>rv</i>., 123, 301 (1995).</p>      <p>[35] C. A. BARRIOS, Q. XU, T. CUTRIGHT and B. Z. NEWBY, <i >Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces</i>, 41, 83 (2005).</p>      <p  >[36] Anon, MER, 28 (1997).</p>     <p  >&nbsp;</p>     <p  ><sup>(<a href="#top1">1</a><a name="1"></a>) (<a href="#top4">*</a><a name="4"></a>)</sup>    A quem a correspondência deve ser enviada <a href="mailto:elis.almeida@netcabo.pt">elis.almeida@netcabo.pt</a>  </p>     <p><sup>(<a href="#top2">2</a><a name="2"></a>)</sup> INETI &#8211; Instituto    Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação, I. P., Estrada do Paço do Lumiar,    1639-038 Lisboa, Portugal; <a href="mailto:teresa.diamantino@ineti.pt">teresa.diamantino@ineti.pt</a></p>     <p ><sup>(<a href="#top3">3</a><a name="3"></a>) </sup>Hempel Portugal, Vale de    Cantadores, 2951-501 Palmela, Portugal; <a href="mailto:ops@pt.hempel.com">ops@pt.hempel.com</a></p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>        </body>  </html>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bol. Electr. Corros.]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
