<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0870-6352</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Silva Lusitana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Silva Lus.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0870-6352</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unidade de Silvicultura e Produtos Florestais]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0870-63522002000100002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Propagação Vegetativa de Sobreiros Seleccionados]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maria Isabel Carrasquinho de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Estação Florestal Nacional Departamento de Ecofisiologia e Melhoramento Florestal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[OEIRAS ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2002</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2002</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>52</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-63522002000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0870-63522002000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0870-63522002000100002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[O objectivo deste trabalho consistiu em avaliar a possibilidade de propagar vegetativamente sobreiros adultos de forma a desenvolver uma metodologia a aplicar num programa de melhoramento genético. Estudou-se a enxertia homoplástica de gomo para rejuvenescimento de sobreiros seleccionados e a estacaria para a sua multiplicação massal. Na sequência da enxertia reproduziram-se, para parques de clones, 46 sobreiros. Setembro revelou-se como a época mais favorável, comparativamente a Junho/Julho. Em termos de estacaria, a temperatura do substrato e o mês de colheita revelaram-se importantes fontes de variação na multiplicação de material juvenil. O enraizamento mais elevado foi obtido em Agosto num substrato a 28°C (57,0%). A duração do enraizamento influenciou a resposta do material enxertado, sendo o período de quatro meses o mais favorável (16,4%). As estacas de plantas rejuvenescidas necessitam de concentração de IBA mais elevada (1%) que as de plantas jovens (0,5%). A diminuição do enraizamento com a idade de enxertia mostrou que a gestão de um parque de clones implica uma produção dinâmica de pés-mães. Desta forma, a multiplicação de sobreiros adultos afigura-se viável, recorrendo à criação de parques de clones, obtidos por enxertia, como fonte de material a ser reproduzido em massa por estacaria.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the possibilities of vegetative propagation techniques of adult cork oak trees so as to develop an approach applicable to a genetic improvement breeding program. Bud grafting and cuttings were used to multiply and mass propagate selected cork oak trees. Forty-six cork oak trees were reproduced from clone banks. September proved to be a better season for grafting than June/July. Rooting season and the temperature of the rooting substrate were demonstrated to be important factors in juvenile cuttings response. The highest rooting ability was achieved in August with a rooting substrate temperature of 28°C (57.0%). The best rooting rate was obtained by maintaining cuttings in rooting media for four months. The application of IBA influenced rooting ability both in cuttings from seedlings and those from the clone bank. Nevertheless, juvenile material needed a lower IBA concentration (0.5%) than the older material (1%). The clone and age of grafting were shown to influence the rooting ability. The decrease of rooting ability with age of grafting requires a dynamic management of the clone bank. The vegetative propagation of selected adult cork oak trees seems to be a viable technique, establishing a prior clone bank, by means of grafting, and then mass propagation through cuttings of this material.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Le but de ce travail consiste dans l'évaluation de la possibilité de propager végétativement des chênes-lièges adultes de façon à développer une méthodologie à appliquer dans le cadre d'un programme d'amélioration génétique. Le greffage en écusson a été étudié pour rajeunir les chênes-lièges sélectionnés et le bouturage pour la multiplication en masse. Un nombre de 46 chênes-lièges ont été reproduits par greffage pour réaliser une banque de clones. Septembre, en comparaison à Juin/Juillet, s'est révélé être le mois le plus favorable au greffage. En termes de bouturage, la température du substrat et le mois de cueillette se sont révélés être des facteurs importants pour la multiplication du jeune matériel. L'enracinement le plus élevé a été obtenu en août dans un milieu à 28ºC (57.0%). La durée d'enracinement a été un facteur détermi­nant sur le matériel greffé considérant la période de 4 mois comme la plus favorable (16.4%). Les boutures issues de plantes rajeunies ont besoin d'une concentration en AIB supé­rieure (1%) à celles issues de plantes jeunes (0.5%). La diminution de l'enracinement en fonction de l'âge du greffage a montré que la gestion d'une banque clonale se doit d'être dynamique. La multiplication des chênes-lièges ne semble être viable qu'en ayant recours aux banques clonales, obtenues par greffage, et en reproduisant ce matériel en masse grâce au bouturage.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Quercus suber L.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[propagação vegetativa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[estacaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[enxertia de gomo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[clones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Quercus suber L.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Vegetative propagation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cuttings]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bud grafting]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Clones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Quercus suber L.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[propagation végétative]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[bouturage]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[greffage en écusson]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[clones]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><b ><a name="top1"></a>Propagação Vegetativa de Sobreiros Seleccionados</b><sup><a href="#back1">[1]</a></sup></p>     <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center"><b>Maria Isabel Carrasquinho de Freitas<sup><a href="#2">2</a><a name="top2"></a></sup></b></p>     <p align=center>Investigadora Auxiliar</p>     <p align=center>Estação Florestal Nacional. Departamento de Ecofisiologia e Melhoramento    Florestal, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 OEIRAS</p>     <p align=center>&nbsp;</p>     <p align=center>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>Sumário</b>: O objectivo deste trabalho consistiu em avaliar a possibilidade de propagar    vegetativamente sobreiros adultos de forma a desenvolver uma metodologia a aplicar    num programa de melhoramento genético. Estudou-se a enxertia homoplástica de    gomo para rejuvenescimento de sobreiros seleccionados e a estacaria para a sua    multiplicação massal. Na sequência da enxertia reproduziram-se, para parques    de clones, 46 sobreiros. Setembro revelou-se como a época mais favorável, comparativamente    a Junho/Julho. Em termos de estacaria, a temperatura do substrato e o mês de    colheita revelaram-se importantes fontes de variação na multiplicação de material    juvenil. O enraizamento mais elevado foi obtido em Agosto num substrato a 28°C    (57,0%). A duração do enraizamento influenciou a resposta do material enxertado,    sendo o período de quatro meses o mais favorável (16,4%). As estacas de plantas    rejuvenescidas necessitam de concentração de IBA mais elevada (1%) que as de    plantas jovens (0,5%). A diminuição do enraizamento com a idade de enxertia    mostrou que a gestão de um parque de clones implica uma produção dinâmica de    pés-mães.</p>     <p>Desta forma, a multiplicação de sobreiros adultos afigura-se viável, recorrendo à criação de parques de clones, obtidos por enxertia, como fonte de material a ser reproduzido em massa por estacaria.</p>     <p><b>Palavras-chave</b>: <i>Quercus suber</i> L., propagação vegetativa, estacaria,    enxertia de gomo, clones</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>Abstratct</b>: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the possibilities of vegetative propagation techniques of adult cork oak trees so as to develop an approach applicable to a genetic improvement breeding program. Bud grafting and cuttings were used to multiply and mass propagate selected cork oak trees. Forty-six cork oak trees were reproduced from clone banks. September proved to be a better season for grafting than June/July. Rooting season and the temperature of the rooting substrate were demonstrated to be important factors in juvenile cuttings response. The highest rooting ability was achieved in August with a rooting substrate temperature of 28°C (57.0%). The best rooting rate was obtained by maintaining cuttings in rooting media for four months. The application of IBA influenced rooting ability both in cuttings from seedlings and those from the clone bank. Nevertheless, juvenile material needed a lower IBA concentration (0.5%) than the older material (1%). The clone and age of grafting were shown to influence the rooting ability. The decrease of rooting ability with age of grafting requires a dynamic management of the clone bank.</p>     <p>The vegetative propagation of selected adult cork oak trees seems to be a viable technique, establishing a prior clone bank, by means of grafting, and then mass propagation through cuttings of this material.</p>     <p><b>Key words</b>: <i>Quercus suber</i> L., Vegetative propagation, Cuttings,    Bud grafting, Clones</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>Résumé</b>: Le but de ce travail consiste dans l'évaluation de la possibilité de propager végétativement des chênes-lièges adultes de façon à développer une méthodologie à appliquer dans le cadre d'un programme d'amélioration génétique. Le greffage en écusson a été étudié pour rajeunir les chênes-lièges sélectionnés et le bouturage pour la multiplication en masse. Un nombre de 46 chênes-lièges ont été reproduits par greffage pour réaliser une banque de clones. Septembre, en comparaison à Juin/Juillet, s'est révélé être le mois le plus favorable au greffage. En termes de bouturage, la température du substrat et le mois de cueillette se sont révélés être des facteurs importants pour la multiplication du jeune matériel. L'enracinement le plus élevé a été obtenu en août dans un milieu à 28ºC (57.0%). La durée d'enracinement a été un facteur détermi­nant sur le matériel greffé considérant la période de 4 mois comme la plus favorable (16.4%). Les boutures issues de plantes rajeunies ont besoin d'une concentration en AIB supé­rieure (1%) à celles issues de plantes jeunes (0.5%). La diminution de l'enracinement en fonction de l'âge du greffage a montré que la gestion d'une banque clonale se doit d'être dynamique. </p>      <p>La multiplication des chênes-lièges ne semble être viable qu'en ayant recours aux banques clonales, obtenues par greffage, et en reproduisant ce matériel en masse grâce au bouturage.</p>     <p><b>Mots-clés</b>: <i>Quercus suber</i> L., propagation végétative, bouturage,    greffage en écusson, clones</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <p><b>Bibliografia</b></p>     <!-- ref --><p>AL-SAQRI, F., ALDERSON, P.G., 1996. Effects of IBA, Type and Rooting Media on Rooting of <i>Rosa centifolia</i>. <i>Journal of Horticultural Science</i> <b>71</b>(5) : 729-737.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000028&pid=S0870-6352200200010000200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p>AL-BARAZI, Z., SCHWABE, 1982. 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