Parte II: Modelos Globais e Sistemas Informáticos

Jorge C. S. André*, Domingos X. Viegas**

*Professor Auxiliar

**Professor Catedrático

Universidade de Coimbra. Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030 COIMBRA

Sumário. Este artigo, que pela sua extensão foi subdividido em duas partes, dirige-se prioritariamente a utilizadores de modelos de propagação de fogos florestais. Visa proporcionar-lhes uma visão panorâmica actualizada do estado dos conhecimentos nesta área, propondo uma classificação geral para os modelos existentes e expondo, em termos simples, para alguns modelos ilustrativos de cada classe: os princípios físicos e a estratégia de modelação que lhes estão subjacentes; os seus parâmetros de entrada e saída; as suas limitações de aplicação, a fiabilidade das suas previsões e as suas perspectivas de desenvolvimento futuro. Na parte II do artigo, apresentam-se os modelos que fazem previsões para toda a linha da frente, divididos em físicos incompletos e completos. Finalmente, abordam-se os sistemas informáticos implementando alguns dos modelos de propagação existentes. (A Parte I do artigo, está publicada em ANDRÉ e VIEGAS, 2001).

Palavras-chave: modelos semi-empíricos; modelos físicos; modelos globais; sistemas informáticos

Abstract. This paper, which was subdivided into two parts because of its length, is aimed at users of forest fire propagation models. Our purpose is to provide an overall view of the state-of-the-art of the subject; we propose a general classification for the existing models and describe, in simple terms, typical models in each class: the underlying physical principles and modelling strategy; the input and output parameters; the limits of application, the reliability of the predictions and the perspectives for future development. In this Part II of the paper, the models that predict the behaviour of the whole fire front are presented, divided, respectively, into physical incomplete and complete models. Finally, the software systems implementing some of the existing fire propagation models are reviewed. (The Part I of the paper, was published in ANDRÉ e VIEGAS, 2001).

Key words: semi-empirical models; physical models; global models; software systems

Résumé. Cet article, qui a été sous divisé en deux parties à cause de son extension, est dirigé prioritairement aux utilisateurs des modèles de propagations de feux de forêts. Il s'agit de leurs procurer une vision panoramique de l'état présent des connaissances dans ce domaine, en proposant une classification générale pour les modèles existants, et en présentant, en termes simples, pour quelques modèles illustratifs de chaque classe, les principes physiques et la stratégie de modélisation sur lesquelles ils se basent; les paramètres d'entrée et de sortie; les limites d'application, la fiabilité de prédiction et les perspectives de développement futur. Dans cette Partie II de l'article, on présente les modèles qui font des prévisions pour tout le front du feu, sous divisés en modèles physiques incomplets et complets. Finalement, on introduit les systèmes informatiques qui abordent quelques modèles de propagation existants. (La Partie I de l'article, est publié dans ANDRÉ e VIEGAS, 2001).

Mots-clés: modèles semi-empiriques; modèles physiques; modèles globaux; systèmes informatiques

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Entregue para publicação em Maio de 2001

Aceite para publicação em Setembro de 2001