Fernando Santos*1, Helena Martins** e José G. Borges***
* Investigador
*** Professor Associado
Departamento de Engenharia Florestal. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 LISBOA
** Engª Florestal
Metacortex, Modelação e Aplicações Tecnológicas. MADAN Parque, PCTAS, Campus da FCT-UNL, 2829-516 CAPARICA
Sumário. Os processos de planeamento devem ser desenvolvidos de forma participativa, com o envolvimento dos agentes com competências, responsabilidades e interesses no uso e gestão dos recursos naturais. Os benefícios resultantes de uma abordagem participativa podem verificar-se quer ao nível da elaboração, quer ao nível da implementação do plano. Apesar das barreiras que se colocam muitas vezes ao nível institucional e de alguns custos que estes processos acarretam, as vantagens do planeamento participativo são significativas.
]]> A análise do contexto processual e a análise dos agentes são fases fundamentais que precedem o desenvolvimento do processo participativo associado ao processo de planeamento. A gestão da participação de forma integrada e estruturada procura garantir maior eficácia ao processo, e consequentemente ao próprio plano.Este artigo visa apresentar e discutir o desenvolvimento de abordagens participativas no contexto nacional de planeamento florestal, analisando as suas principais condicionantes e potencialidades, procurando demonstrar a sua crescente importância ao nível dos processos de planeamento.
Palavras-chave: planeamento participativo; envolvimento de agentes; gestão integrada
Abstract. The participatory planning promotes the active involvement of the agents with competence, responsibilities and interests in the use and management of the natural resources. There are important benefits form the elaboration and implementation phases of the plan, despite the institutional barriers and sometimes high costs of the process.
The analysis of the context and the agents' perspectives are fundamental steps preceding the participatory process, regarding the development of planning process. The integrated management of participation aims a higher efficiency of the process and of the plan's implementation.
This paper aims to present and discuss the development of participatory approaches in the national forest planning context, analyzing the main costs and benefits and trying to demonstrate the growing importance of public participation at the planning process level.
Key word: participative planning; agents' involvement; integrated management
Résumé. La planification participative favorise la participation active des agents avec des compétences, des responsabilités et des intérêts dans l'utilisation et la gestion des ressources naturelles. Elle contribue avec des avantages importants aux phases d'élaboration et d'exécution du plan, malgré des barrières institutionnelles et des coûts parfois élevés du processus.
]]> L'analyse du contexte et des perspectives d'agents sont des étapes fondamentales précédent le procédé participatif associé au procédé de planification. La gestion intégrée de la participation vise une plus grande efficience du procédé et de l'exécution du plan.Cet article vise à présenter et à discuter le développement des approches participatives dans un contexte national de planification forestière, analyser les coûts et les avantages principaux et démontrer l'importance croissante de la participation publique au niveau des procédés de planification.
Mots clés: planification participative; engagement d'agents; gestion intégrée
Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.
Full text only available in PDF format.
Bibliografia
]]>BEIERLE, T., KONISKY, D., 2001. What are we gaining from stakeholders involvement? Observations from environmental planning in the Great Lakes. Environment and planning C: Government and Policy 19 : 515-527. [ Links ]
BLAHNA, D.J., YONTS-SHEPHARD, S., 1989. Public involvement in resource planning: toward bridging the gap between policy and implementation. Society and Natural Resources 2(3) : 209-227. [ Links ]
BLOOMFIELD, D., COLLINS, K. FRY, C., MUNTON, R., 2001. Deliberation and inclusion: vehicles for increasing trust in UK public governance? Environment and planning C: Government and Policy 19 : 501-513. [ Links ]
BORRINI-FEYERABEND, G., 2000. Co-management of natural resources: Organizing, negotiating and learning-by-doing. IUCN, Yaoundé, Cameroon. http://nrm.massey.ac.nz/changelinks/cmnr.html [ Links ]
BUCHY, M., HOVERMAN, S., 2000. Understanding public participation in forest planninng: a review. Forest Policy and Economics 1 : 15-25. [ Links ]
CHAUVIN, C., 2002. The scaling of technical issues addressed in Integrated Management Plans. In The Formulation of Integrated Management Plans for Mountain Forests. Bardonecchia, Italy. [ Links ]
COGAN, E., 1992. Successful public meetings. A practical guide for managers in government. Jossey-Bass Inc. San Francisco. 135 pp. [ Links ]
DAVIS, G., 1996. Consultation, public participation and the integration of multiple interests into policy making. OECD, Paris. [ Links ]
DGF, 2002. Guião para a elaboração dos Planos Regionais de Ordenamento Florestal. Gabinete de Coordenação dos PROF. Lisboa. [ Links ]
FAO, ECE, ILO, 2000. Public Participation in Forestry. Report of Team of Specialists on Participation on Forestry. Joint Committee Team of Specialists on Participation in Forestry. Working Paper 163, International Labour Office/Sectoral Activities Department, Geneve, 138 pp. [ Links ]
KANGAS, J., LOIKKANEN, T., PUKKALA, T., PYKÄLÄINEN, J., 1996. A participatory approach to tactical forest planning. Acta Forestalia Fennica 251 : 24. [ Links ]
KNOPP, T.B., CALDBECK, E.S., 1990. The role of participatory democracy in forest management. Journal of Forestry 88(5) : 13-18. [ Links ]
KWEIT, M.G., KWEIT, R.W., 1987. Citizen participation: enduring issues for the next century. National Civic Review 76 : 191-198. [ Links ]
LOIKKANEN, T., SIMOJOKI, T., WALLENIUS, P., 1999. Participatory approach to natural resources management. A guide book. Forest and Park Service. Finland. [ Links ]
MADRP, 1998. Terceira Conferência Ministerial para a Protecção das Florestas na Europa. Declaração Geral e resoluções adoptadas. Lisboa. 64pp. [ Links ]
NELSON, N., WRIGHT, S., 1995. Power and participation development. Theory and Practice. Intermediate Technology. London. [ Links ]
NEW ECONOMICS FOUNDATION, 2001. Participation works! 21 techniques of community participation for the 21st century., 103 pp. [ Links ]
POXON, J., 2001. Shaping the planning profession of the future: the role of plan-ning education. Environment and planning B: Planning and design 28 : 563-580. [ Links ]
REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER, 1996. Awakening participation: building capacity for public participation in environmental decisionmaking. Szentendre. [ Links ]
ROBERTS, P., LLOYD, G., 1999. Institutional aspects of regional planning, management and development: models and lessons from the English experience. Environment and planning B: Planning and design 26 : 517-531. [ Links ]
WEISS, G., WEBER, M., SCHONENBERGER, W., 2002. New silvicultural and planning paradigms for integrated mountain forest management. In The Formulation of Integrated Management Plans for Mountain Forests. Bardonecchia, Italy. [ Links ]
11º Autor E-mail: fernandots@isa.utl.pt
]]>