<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0870-6352</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Silva Lusitana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Silva Lus.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0870-6352</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unidade de Silvicultura e Produtos Florestais]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0870-63522006000200006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pilot Steam Distillation of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) from Portugal]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Destilação por Vapor de Água de Alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) de Portugal]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Distillation à la Vapeur d'Eau du Romarin (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) de Portugal]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mateus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elisabete M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nogueira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Teresa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lourenço]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[João A.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Curto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.J. Marcelo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação Departamento de Tecnologia de Indústrias Químicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Portugal</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>203</fpage>
<lpage>217</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-63522006000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0870-63522006000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0870-63522006000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[While considering the project and the economic evaluation of an industrial steam distillation unit for essential oils there is a need to take into consideration that full extraction will need a lot of steam and that the length of the operation will determine the processing capacity of the unit. One must also quantify and dimension the equipment according to seasonal variations and associated processing peaks. Pilot tests are useful in obtaining data to cope with this problems and dimensioning industrial stills. Portuguese Rosmarinus officinalis L. is evaluated as an example.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Na elaboração do projecto e avaliação económica duma unidade industrial de destilação por vapor de água de óleos essenciais é necessário ter em consideração que a extracção total dos óleos é exigente no consumo de vapor e que a duração da operação determinará a capacidade de produção do destilador. É também necessário quantificar e dimensionar o equipamento de acordo com as variações sasonais de recolha da planta. Os testes piloto são importantes na obtenção de dados para a resolução destes problemas e dimensionamento de destilarias industriais. O alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) de origem portuguesa foi avaliado como exemplo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Lors de l'élaboration du projet et de l'évaluation économique d'une unité de distillation d'huiles essentielles il faut prendre en considération que l'extraction exhaustive de l'huile par distillation à la vapeur est exigeante en consommation de vapeur et que la durée de l'opération détermine la capacité productive du distillateur. Celle-ci sera aussi importante pour déterminer la dimension des équipements et des installations, en accord avec la saisonnalité de la récolte de la plante. Des éssais-pilotes peuvent être utiles pour résoudre ces problèmes de dimensionnement des distillateurs. Le romarin d'origine portugaise (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) a été évalué à titre d'exemple.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[essential oils]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[scale-up]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[óleos essenciais]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[aumento de escala]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[huiles essentielles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[augmentation d'échelle]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><b>Pilot Steam Distillation of Rosemary (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis    </i>L.) from Portugal</b></p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="center"><b>Elisabete M. Mateus*, Carlos Lopes**, Teresa Nogueira***<sup><a href="#1">1</a><a name="top1"></a></sup>,    João A.A. Lourenço**** and M.J. Marcelo Curto*****</b></p>     <p align="center"><sup>*</sup>Licenciada em Química</p>     <p align="center"><sup>**</sup>Engenheiro Químico (MSc)</p>     <p align="center"><sup>***</sup>Investigadora Auxiliar (PhD)</p>     <p align="center"><sup>****</sup>Investigador Auxiliar</p>     <p align="center"><sup>*****</sup>Investigadora Coordenadora</p>     <p align="center">Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação. Departamento    de Tecnologia de Indústrias Químicas, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038    Lisboa Codex, Portugal</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><b>Abstract. </b>While considering the project and the economic    evaluation of an industrial steam distillation unit for essential oils there    is a need to take into consideration that full extraction will need a lot of    steam and that the length of the operation will determine the processing capacity    of the unit. One must also quantify and dimension the equipment according to    seasonal variations and associated processing peaks. Pilot tests are useful    in obtaining data to cope with this problems and dimensioning industrial stills.    Portuguese <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. is evaluated as an example.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Key words</b>: essential oils; scale-up</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="justify"><b>Destilação por Vapor de Água de Alecrim (R<i>osmarinus officinalis</i>    L.) de Portugal</b></p>     <p align="justify"><b>Sumário</b>. Na elaboração do projecto e avaliação económica    duma unidade industrial de destilação por vapor de água de óleos essenciais    é necessário ter em consideração que a extracção total dos óleos é exigente    no consumo de vapor e que a duração da operação determinará a capacidade de    produção do destilador. É também necessário quantificar e dimensionar o equipamento    de acordo com as variações sasonais de recolha da planta. Os testes piloto são    importantes na obtenção de dados para a resolução destes problemas e dimensionamento    de destilarias industriais. O alecrim (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L.) de    origem portuguesa foi avaliado como exemplo.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Palavras-chave: </b>óleos essenciais; aumento de escala</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="justify"><b>Distillation à la Vapeur d'Eau du Romarin (<i>Rosmarinus    officinalis</i> L.) de Portugal</b></p>     <p align="justify"><b>Résumé. </b>Lors de l'élaboration du projet et de l'évaluation    économique d'une unité de distillation d'huiles essentielles il faut prendre    en considération que l'extraction exhaustive de l'huile par distillation à la    vapeur est exigeante en consommation de vapeur et que la durée de l'opération    détermine la capacité productive du distillateur. Celle-ci sera aussi importante    pour déterminer la dimension des équipements et des installations, en accord    avec la saisonnalité de la récolte de la plante. Des éssais-pilotes peuvent    être utiles pour résoudre ces problèmes de dimensionnement des distillateurs.    Le romarin d'origine portugaise (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L.) a été évalué    à titre d'exemple. </p>     <p align="justify"><b>Mots clés</b>: huiles essentielles; augmentation d'échelle</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>      <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>References</b></p>      <!-- ref --><p>BAUER, K., GARBE, D., SURBURG, H., 1988. Flavors and Fragrances. <i>Ulmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry</i>, vol. A11, Vch Publ. pp. 141-249.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000028&pid=S0870-6352200600020000600001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>BOUTEKEDJIRET, C., BENHABILES, N.E.H., BELABBES, R., BESSIERE, J.M., 1997. Effect of mode of extraction on yield and composition of the essential oil of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis </i>L.. <i>Rivista Italiana EPPOS</i> <b>22</b> : 33-35.</p>      <p>BOUTEKEDJIRET, C., BENTAHAR, F., BELABBES, R., BESSIERE, J.M., 2003. Extraction of rosemary essential oil by steam distillation and hydrodistillation. <i>Flavour and Fragrance Journal</i> <b>18</b>(6) : 481-484.</p>      <p>CARDOSO DO VALE, J., PROENÇA DA CUNHA, A., ROQUE, O.L. R., 1980. Contribuição para o Estudo Analítico de Alecrim Nacional. 1. Características Físico-Químicas e Determinação dos Principais Constituintes. <i>Bol. Fac. Farm. Coimbra</i> <b>4</b>(3-4) : 35-45.</p>      <p>DENNY, E.F.K., 1986. Steam Distillation of the Subcutaneous Essential Oils. In Proceedings of the<i> 10<sup>th</sup> International Congress of Essential Oils, Fragrances and Flavours: A world perspective</i>. 16-20 Nov. 1986, Washington D.C., USA, 85-98.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>DENNY, E.F.K., 1991 <i>Field distillation for herbaceous oils.</i> 2<sup>nd</sup> ed., Lilydale, Tasmania, Australia.</p>      <p>KOEDAM, A., 1982. The influence of some distillation conditions on essential oil composition. In <i>Aromatic Plants: Basic and Applied Aspects</i> (Eds Margaris, Koedam and Vokou), Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Den Haag, pp. 229-236.</p>      <p>LAWRENCE, BRIAN M., SHU, C.-K., 1993. Essential oils as components of mixtures: Analysis and differentiation. in <i>Flavor Measurement</i> (Eds. Ho, C.-T.; Manley, C.H.), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 267-328.</p>      <p>PROENÇA DA CUNHA, A., ROQUE, O.L.R., 1986. Contribuição para o Estudo do Óleo Essencial de Alecrim Nacional. 2. Variações Quantitativas dos Principais Constituintes durante a Floração da Primavera. <i>Bol. Fac. Farm. Coimbra</i> <b>10</b>(1) : 5-13.</p>      <p>RAO, E.V.S.P., 1999.<i> </i>Agronomic and distillation studies on rosemary (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis </i>L.) in a semi-arid tropical environment, <i>Journal of Herbs, Spices &amp; Medicinal Plants</i> <b>6</b>(3) : 25-30.</p>      <p>SERRANO, E., PALMA, J., TINOCO, T., VENÂNCIO, F., MARTINS, A., 2002. Evaluation of Essential Oils of Rosemary (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L.) from Different Zones of &quot;Alentejo&quot; (Portugal)<i>, Journal of Essential Oil Research</i>, 14 (March-April): 87-92.</p>      <p>WHISH, J.P.M., 1996. A flexible distillation system for the isolation of essential oils. <i>J.Essent. Oil Res</i>. <b>8</b>(Jul-Aug) : 405-410.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><i>Entregue para publicação em Julho de 2004</i></p>      <p><i>Aceite para publicação em Maio de 2006</i></p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><sup><a href="#top1">1</a><a name="1"></a></sup> Corresponding Author E-mail:    <a href="mailto:teresa.nogueira@ineti.pt">teresa.nogueira@ineti.pt</a></p>       ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BAUER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GARBE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SURBURG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Flavors and Fragrances]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ulmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>A11</volume>
<page-range>141-249</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Vch Publ]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
