<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0870-6352</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Silva Lusitana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Silva Lus.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0870-6352</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unidade de Silvicultura e Produtos Florestais]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0870-63522006000200008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Stochastic Dynamics of Self-Thinned Pure Stands: A Simulative Quest]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[A Dinâmica Estocástica para Povoamentos Puros Auto-Desbastados: Uma Inquirição Simulatória]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[La Dynamique Aléatoire pour Peuplements Purs Auto-Eclaircis: Une Enquête avec Simulations]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luís Soares]]></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A">
<institution><![CDATA[,  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>227</fpage>
<lpage>238</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-63522006000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0870-63522006000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0870-63522006000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The author establishes and uses stochastic simulators for self-thinned even-aged, and uneven-aged pure stands of Pinus pinaster Ait. In both types of simulators he considers several levels of environmental stochasticity. From the application of the simulator for even-aged stands he concludes that the values in the range -1.45 to -1.49, found in the literature, and obtained from empirical data, do not allow the definitive rejection of the 3/2 power law. The simulator for uneven-aged stands has a mechanism to mimic different degrees of homeostasis. The author performed several sets of runs with this model, for combinations of values of environmental variability and of homeostasis. He then presents and interprets his simulated data. The model for uneven-aged stands reveals ergodicity. The author formally characterizes the dynamics of the area per tree.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[O autor estabelece e aplica simuladores estocásticos para povoamentos puros auto-desbastados de Pinus pinaster Ait., tanto regulares como irregulares. Em ambos os casos considera diferentes níveis de estocacidade ambiental. Da utilização do simulador para os povoamentos regulares ele conclui que provavelmente valores entre -1.45 e -1.49, obtidos a partir de dados empíricos, não permitem uma rejeição definitiva da lei dos 3/2. O modelo para os povoamentos irregulares tem um mecanismo para simular vários graus de homeostasis do povoamento. Para várias combinações de valores de variabilidade ambiental e homeostasis ele empreendeu grupos de simulações, cujos resultados apresenta e interpreta. O modelo para os povoamentos irregulares revela ergodicidade. O autor faz a caracterização formal da dinâmica da área por árvore.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[L'auteur établi et applique des simulateurs stochastiques pour les peuplements purs et auto-éclaircis de Pinus pinaster Ait., réguliers et irréguliers. Il conclue que probablement, les valeurs de -1.45 à 1.48, obtenues à partir des données empiriques ne permettent pas le rejet définitif de la loi de l'exposant 3/2. Les simulateurs pour les peuplements irréguliers contiennent un mécanisme d'homéostasie contrôlable. L'auteur présente et interprète les résultats de différentes simulations avec divers niveaux stochastiques de l'environnement et d'homéostasie. Le modèle pour les peuplements irréguliers est ergodique. L'auteur fait une analyse formelle de la surface par arbre.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[area per tree]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ergodicity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pinus pinaster Ait.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[self-thinned even-aged pure stands]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[self-thinned uneven-aged pure stands]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[stochastic simulators]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[3/2 power law]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[área por árvore]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ergodicidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[lei da potência dos 3/2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Pinus pinaster Ait]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[povoamentos puros auto-desbastados regulares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[povoamentos puros auto-desbastados irregulares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[simuladores estocásticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[loi de l'exposant 3/2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[peuplements purs et auto-éclaircis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Pinus pinaster Ait]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[simulateur ergodique]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[simulateur stochastique]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[surface par arbre]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><b>The Stochastic Dynamics of Self-Thinned Pure Stands.</b></p>     <p align="center"><b>A Simulative Quest</b></p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="center"><b>Luís Soares Barreto</b></p>     <p align="center">Jubilee Professor of Forestry</p>     <p align="center">Av. Do M.F.A., 41-3D, 2825-372 COSTA DE CAPARICA</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="justify"><b>Abstract</b>. The author establishes and uses stochastic    simulators for self-thinned even-aged, and uneven-aged pure stands of<i> Pinus    pinaster</i> Ait. In both types of simulators he considers several levels of    environmental stochasticity. From the application of the simulator for even-aged    stands he concludes that the values<b> </b>in the range –1.45 to –1.49, found    in the literature, and obtained from empirical data, do not allow the definitive    rejection of the 3/2 power law. The simulator for uneven-aged stands has a mechanism    to mimic different degrees of homeostasis. The author performed several sets    of runs with this model, for combinations of values of environmental variability    and of homeostasis. He then presents and interprets his simulated data. The    model for uneven-aged stands reveals ergodicity. The author formally characterizes    the dynamics of the area per tree.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Key words</b>: area per tree; ergodicity; <i>Pinus pinaster</i>    Ait.; self-thinned even-aged pure stands; self-thinned uneven-aged pure stands;    stochastic simulators; 3/2 power law</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><b>A Dinâmica Estocástica para Povoamentos Puros Auto-Desbastados.    Uma Inquirição Simulatória</b></p>     <p align="justify"><b>Sumário</b>. O autor estabelece e aplica simuladores estocásticos    para povoamentos puros auto-desbastados de <i>Pinus pinaster</i> Ait., tanto    regulares como irregulares. Em ambos os casos considera diferentes níveis de    estocacidade ambiental. Da utilização do simulador para os povoamentos regulares    ele conclui que provavelmente valores entre –1.45 e –1.49, obtidos a partir    de dados empíricos, não permitem uma rejeição definitiva da lei dos 3/2. O modelo    para os povoamentos irregulares tem um mecanismo para simular vários graus de    homeostasis do povoamento. Para várias combinações de valores de variabilidade    ambiental e homeostasis ele empreendeu grupos de simulações, cujos resultados    apresenta e interpreta. O modelo para os povoamentos irregulares revela ergodicidade.    O autor faz a caracterização formal da dinâmica da área por árvore.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Palavras-chave</b>: área por árvore; ergodicidade; lei da    potência dos 3/2; <i>Pinus pinaster</i> Ait; povoamentos puros auto-desbastados    regulares; povoamentos puros auto-desbastados irregulares; simuladores estocásticos</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p align="justify"><b>La Dynamique Aléatoire pour Peuplements Purs Auto-Eclaircis.    Une Enquête avec Simulations </b></p>     <p align="justify"><b>Résumé. </b>L'auteur établi et applique des simulateurs    stochastiques pour les peuplements purs et auto-éclaircis de <i>Pinus pinaster    </i>Ait., réguliers et irréguliers. Il conclue que probablement, les valeurs    de –1.45 à 1.48, obtenues à partir des données empiriques ne permettent pas    le rejet définitif de la loi de l'exposant 3/2. Les simulateurs pour les peuplements    irréguliers contiennent un mécanisme d'homéostasie contrôlable. L'auteur présente    et interprète les résultats de différentes simulations avec divers niveaux stochastiques    de l'environnement et d'homéostasie. Le modèle pour les peuplements irréguliers    est ergodique. L'auteur fait une analyse formelle de la surface par arbre.</p>     <p align="justify"><b>Mots clés</b>: loi de l'exposant 3/2&nbsp;; peuplements    purs et auto-éclaircis; <i>Pinus pinaster </i>Ait; simulateur ergodique&nbsp;;    simulateur stochastique&nbsp;; surface par arbre</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>                                                                                                                                                                         <p>Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.</p>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><b>References</b></p>      <!-- ref --><p>Barreto, L.S., 1989. <i>The Structure and Yield of Uneven-Aged Pure Stands. A Theoretical Approach. </i>Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Lisboa.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000025&pid=S0870-6352200600020000800001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><p>Barrreto, L.S., 1990. <i>KHABA – An Extended Model for Stands Following the 3/2 Power Law. </i>Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Lisboa.</p>      <p>Barreto, L.S., 1995. The Fractal Nature of the Geometry of Self-Thinned Stands. <i>Silva Lusitana</i> <b>3</b>(1) : 37-51.</p>      <p>Barreto, L.S., 2001. Method SB-BARTHIN to Evaluate the Effects of Thinning. An Application to <i>Pinus pinaster</i> Ait. <i>Silva Lusitana</i> <b>9</b>(2) : 205-215.</p>      <p>Barreto, L.S., 2002a. <i>Uneven-Aged Stands of </i>Pinus pinaster <i>Ait. forProtection.</i> Research Paper SB-01/02. Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Lisboa.</p>      <p>Barreto, L.S., 2002b. <i>The Changing Geometry of Self-Thinned Mixed Stands. A Simulative Quest.</i> Research Paper SB-02/02. Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Lisboa.</p>      <p>Barreto, L.S., 2002c. <i>The Stochastic Dynamics of Self-Thinned Pure Stands. A Simulative Quest.</i> Research Paper SB-03/02. Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Lisboa. </p>      <p>Brown, J.H., West, G.B., 2000. <i>Scaling in Biology.</i> Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Science of Complexity, Oxford University Press, Oxford.</p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p>Cohen, J., Stewart, I., 1994. <i>The Collapse of Chaos. Discovering Simplicity in a Complex World.</i> Penguin Books, London.</p>      <p>Caswell, H., 2001. <i>Matrix Population Models. Construction, Analysis and Interpretation.</i> Second edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusets, U.S.A.</p>      <p>&nbsp;</p>      <p><i>Entregue para publicação em Maio de 2003</i></p>      <p><i>Aceite para publicação em Novembro de 2004</i></p>       ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Structure and Yield of Uneven-Aged Pure Stands: A Theoretical Approach]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lisboa ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento de Engenharia FlorestalInstituto Superior de Agronomia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
