1,2Maria Cristina Duarte*, 1Francisca Constança Aguiar**, 1Maria Teresa Ferreira* e 1António Albuquerque***
* Bióloga
**Engª Agrónoma
***Engº Florestal
1Centro de Estudos Florestais. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 LISBOA
2Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, Trav. Conde da Ribeira 9, 1300-142 LISBOA
]]> Sumário. Neste trabalho exploram-se as relações entre atributos específicos (e.g. ciclo de vida, hábito, tipo de dispersão), atributos das comunidades vegetais (e.g. riqueza florística, número de estratos) e perturbações antrópicas em cursos de água do tipo mediterrânico. Realizaram-se 205 inventários, no Centro e Sul de Portugal, tendo-se estimado variáveis relacionadas com a perturbação do sistema fluvial, utilizando uma escala de cinco classes (sem alterações significativas a fortemente alteradas). Usaram-se atributos taxonómicos, funcionais e biológicos das espécies presentes em cada local, assim como atributos das comunidades considerados como possíveis indicadores da sua estrutura e naturalidade. As relações entre atributos e variáveis de perturbação foram analisadas usando os coeficientes de correlação de Spearman. Em geral, o ciclo de vida, tipo de reprodução vegetativa, classe taxonómica e consistência foram os atributos das espécies mais reactivos à perturbação. As componentes nativa e exótica da flora apresentaram, geralmente, respostas opostas à perturbação, excepto no caso da conectividade; regime hidrológico, acidificação/toxicidade, input de nutrientes, morfologia do sistema fluvial, qualidade global do habitat e impacto do uso do solo afectaram positivamente a componente exótica e negativamente a nativa. Os resultados apontam para o potencial dos atributos das espécies e das comunidades na bioavaliação da integridade dos ecossistemas ripícolas.
Palavras-chave: atributos específicos; atributos comunitários; espécies exóticas; flora; rios, Centro e Sul de Portugal
It is Possible for the Vegetation of the Marginal Galleries to Reflect the Resultant Disturbances of Human Activities?
Abstract. We explored the relations between species traits (e.g. life span, body architecture, dispersal mode) and community traits (e.g. floristic richness, number of vegetation strata), and human-disturbance in Mediterranean-type rivers. Two hundred and five floristic surveys were undertaken in 100-metres river stretches of Central and South Portugal (Western Iberia). Disturbance related variables were estimated for each site, using a five degree-scale, from no obvious alterations to highly impacted. We used taxonomical, functional and biological traits of the surveyed species, and community traits that might indicate the ecosystem's structure and naturalness. Potential relationships between community and species traits and the disturbance variables were analysed using Spearman's Correlation. In general, the life span, the type of vegetative reproduction, the taxonomic class, and the woodiness were the most responsive species traits to disturbance. This study also showed that native and exotic components of the flora displayed opposing responses to disturbance, exception made to the river connectivity. The hydrological regime, the acidification/toxicity, the nutrient inputs, the river morphology, the global habitat quality and the land-use impact positively affected the exotic flora, and negatively the native flora. The results highlighted the potential of species and community traits for the bioassessment of river integrity.
Kew words: species traits; community traits; exotic species; flora; rivers; Central and South Portugal
La Végétation des Galeries Marginales Peut-elle Refléter les Perturbations Résultant d'Activités Humaines?
]]> Résumé. Dans ce travail sont exploitées les relations entre des attributs spécifiques (ex. cycle de vie, habitus, type de dispersion), des attributs des communautés végétales (ex. richesse floristique, nombre des strates) et des perturbations anthropiques sur les cours d’eau du type méditerranée. 205 inventaires ont été réalisés au centre et au sud du Portugal, en estimant des variables qui se rapportent à la perturbation du système fluvial, en utilisant une échelle de cinq classes (sans altérations significatives à fortement changées). Des attributs taxonomiques, fonctionnels et biologiques des espèces présentes en chaque lieu, ainsi que les attributs des communautés considérées comme des indicateurs possibles de sa structure et naturalité ont été utilisées. Les relations entre les attributs et les variables de perturbation ont été analysées en utilisant les coefficients de corrélation de Spearman. En général, le cycle de vie, le type de reproduction végétative, la classe taxonomique et la consistance ont été les attributs des espèces plus réactives à la perturbation. Les composantes native et exotique de la flore ont présenté en général, des réponses opposées à la perturbation, à l'exception du cas de la connectivité; régime hydrologique, acidification/toxicité, input de nutriments, morphologie du système fluvial, qualité globale de l'habitat et l'impact de l'usage du sol ont affecté positivement la composante exotique et négativement la composante native. Les résultats indiquent le potentiel des attributs des espèces et des communautés dans la bio évaluation de l'intégrité des écosystèmes ripicoles.Mots clés: attributs spécifiques; attributs des communautés; espèces exotiques; flore; rivières; centre et sud du Portugal
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Bibliografia
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Entregue para publicação em Junho de 2006
]]> Aceite para publicação em Janeiro de 2007 ]]>