<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0870-8231</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Análise Psicológica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Aná. Psicológica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0870-8231</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ISPA-Instituto Universitário]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0870-82311997000100008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Sobre o uso de estatística de simulação em estudos de comportamento]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vitor C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rui F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,ISPA - Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>1997</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>1997</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>97</fpage>
<lpage>109</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-82311997000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0870-82311997000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0870-82311997000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Neste artigo discutimos sucintamente as potencialidades da estatística de simulação nas ciências do comportamento. São apresentadas duas aplicações: uma desenvolvida por Estabrook e Estabrook (1989) para a análise de tabelas de contingência e uma outra desenvolvida na nossa unidade de investigação para testes de verosimilhança. Ambos os procedimentos superam os problemas de valores esperados baixos que limitam o uso da estatística X² em muitas circunstâncias, e oferecem ainda a possibilidade de se avaliar a significância de células/classes específicas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In this paper we discuss briefly the potential of simulation statistics in the behavioural sciences. We present two applications: one developed by Estabrook and Estabrook (1989) for the analysis of contingency tables and another developed in our research unit for goodness-of-fit tests. Both procedures overcome the problems of low expected values that limit the use of X² statistic in many ciscunstances, and offer the possibility of assessing the significance of specific cells/ /classes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Estatística de simulação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Tabelas de contingência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Testes de aderência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Dominância social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Contingency tables]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Goodness-of-fit tests]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Simulation statistics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Social dominance]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p><b>Sobre o uso de estat&iacute;stica de simula&ccedil;&atilde;o em estudos de comportamento</b></p>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P align="right">Vitor C. Almada (<a name="top1"></a><a href="#1">*</a>) </P>     <P align="right">Rui F. Oliveira (<a href="#1">*</a>) </P>     <p>&nbsp;</P>     <p align="center">RESUMO</P>     <P>Neste artigo discutimos sucintamente as potencialidades da estat&iacute;stica  de simula&ccedil;&atilde;o nas ci&ecirc;ncias do comportamento. S&atilde;o  apresentadas duas aplica&ccedil;&otilde;es: uma desenvolvida por Estabrook  e Estabrook (1989) para a an&aacute;lise de tabelas de conting&ecirc;ncia  e uma outra desenvolvida na nossa unidade de investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o  para testes de verosimilhan&ccedil;a. Ambos os procedimentos superam os  problemas de valores esperados baixos que limitam o uso da estat&iacute;stica  X<Sup>2 </Sup>em muitas circunst&acirc;ncias, e oferecem ainda a possibilidade  de se avaliar a signific&acirc;ncia de c&eacute;lulas/classes espec&iacute;ficas. </P>     <P><I>Palavras-chave</I>: Estat&iacute;stica de simula&ccedil;&atilde;o,  Tabelas de conting&ecirc;ncia, Testes de ader&ecirc;ncia, Domin&acirc;ncia  social.</p>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P align="center">ABSTRACT</P>     <P>In this paper we discuss briefly the potential of simulation  statistics in the behavioural sciences. We present two applications: one  developed by Estabrook and Estabrook (1989) for the analysis of contingency  tables and another developed in our research unit for goodness-of-fit tests.  Both procedures overcome the problems of low expected values that limit  the use of X<Sup>2 </Sup>statistic in many ciscunstances, and offer the  possibility of assessing the significance of specific cells/ /classes.</P>     <P><I>Key words</I>: Contingency tables, Goodness-of-fit tests, Simulation statistics,    Social dominance. </P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P>Texto completo dispon&iacute;vel apenas em PDF.</P>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P align="center">REFER&Ecirc;NCIAS </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><P>Appleby, M. C. (1983). The probability of linearity in hierarchies. <I>Animal Behaviour, 31</I>, 600-608. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000023&pid=S0870-8231199700010000800001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><P>Estabrook, C.B., & Estabrook, G.F. (1989). ACTUS: a solution to the problem of small samples in the analysis of two-way contingency tables. <I>Historical Methods, 22</I>, 5-8. </P>     <P>Glantz, S. A. (1992). <I>Primer of biostatistics</I>, 3rd. ed. New York: McGraw Hill </P>     <P>Morgan, B. J. T. (1984). <I>Elements of simulation - Texts in statistical science</I>.    London: Chapman & Hall. </P>     <P>Oliveira, R. F. (1995). <I>Etologia social e endocrinologia comportamental da Til&aacute;pia </I>Oreochromis mossambicus <I>(Teleostei, Cichlidae)</I>. Tese de Doutoramento, Universidade de Lisboa. </P>     <P>Oliveira, R. F., & Almada, V. C. (1996). Dominance hierarchies and social structure in captive groups of the Mozambique tilapia <I>Oreochromis mossambicus </I>(Teleostei, Cichlidae). <I>Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 8</I>, 39-55. </P>     <P>Schildt, H. (1990). <I>Advanced Turbo C</I>, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Sokal, R., & Rohlf, J. (1994). <I>Biometry</I>, 3rd. ed. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. </P>     <P>Watson, H.J., & Blackstone Jr., J.H. (1989). <I>Computer simulation</I>, 2nd    ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons. </P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P>(<a name="1"></a><a href="#top1">*</a>) Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada.    Unidade de Investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o em Eco-Etologia, ISPA. </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Appleby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The probability of linearity in hierarchies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Animal Behaviour]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>600-608</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
