<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0870-8231</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Análise Psicológica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Aná. Psicológica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0870-8231</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ISPA-Instituto Universitário]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0870-82311999000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Efeitos do tipo de instrução/objectivo na memorização e recordação]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerreiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marta]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,ISPA - Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada UIPCDE - Unidade de Investigação em Psicologia Cognitiva do Desenvolvimento e da Educação ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>1999</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>1999</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>27</fpage>
<lpage>38</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0870-82311999000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0870-82311999000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0870-82311999000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Este artigo descreve um trabalho desenvolvido com crianças de 6 anos do 1.º ano de escolaridade do ensino básico, sobre a influência do tipo de instru-ção/objectivo nos processos de memorização e recordação. Comparámos uma instrução com um objectivo significativo, prático e funcional com uma instrução sem um objectivo prático, funcional e significativo. A tarefa apresentada consistiu na apresentação de uma lista de palavras às crianças. Na análise de resultados verificámos que a existência de um objectivo significativo se assumiu como um importante meio de memorização e recordação. As crianças memorizaram mais facilmente o material com uma instrução com um objectivo prático, funcional e significativo.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The main objective of the present research is to study the effects of the type of instruction/goal on the processes of memory and recall. Two groups of 6 year old children were interviewed. The task consisted in presenting to the children a list of words that they had to memorize. Children were divided in two groups: the experimental group received an instruction that was meaningful, functional and practical, while the control group received an instruction without meaningful purpose. Results revealed significant differences between the two groups. The experimental group memorized more words than the control group. This research suggests the importance of a meaningful purpose to both memory and recall activity.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Desempenho mnésico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[crianças]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[objectivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[instruções]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[tarefas de memória significativas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Memory performance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[children]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[goals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[instructions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[meaningful memory tasks]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <P><b>Efeitos do tipo de instru&ccedil;&atilde;o/objectivo na memoriza&ccedil;&atilde;o    e recorda&ccedil;&atilde;o </b></P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P align="right">Marta Guerreiro <a name="TOP1"></a>(<a href="#1">*</a>) </P>     <P align="right">Isabel Matta<a name="TOP2"></a>(<a href="#2">**</a>)<I> </I></P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P align="center">RESUMO </P>     <P>Este artigo descreve um trabalho desenvolvido        com crian&ccedil;as de 6 anos do 1.&ordm; ano de escolaridade do ensino        b&aacute;sico, sobre a influ&ecirc;ncia do tipo de instru-&ccedil;&atilde;o/objectivo        nos processos de memoriza&ccedil;&atilde;o e recorda&ccedil;&atilde;o. Compar&aacute;mos        uma instru&ccedil;&atilde;o com um objectivo significativo, pr&aacute;tico        e funcional com uma instru&ccedil;&atilde;o sem um objectivo pr&aacute;tico,        funcional e significativo. A tarefa apresentada consistiu na apresenta&ccedil;&atilde;o        de uma lista de palavras &agrave;s crian&ccedil;as. Na an&aacute;lise de        resultados verific&aacute;mos que a exist&ecirc;ncia de um objectivo significativo        se assumiu como um importante meio de memoriza&ccedil;&atilde;o e recorda&ccedil;&atilde;o.        As crian&ccedil;as memorizaram mais facilmente o material com uma instru&ccedil;&atilde;o        com um objectivo pr&aacute;tico, funcional e significativo. </P>     <P><I>Palavras-chave</I>: Desempenho mn&eacute;sico,        crian&ccedil;as, objectivos, instru&ccedil;&otilde;es, tarefas de mem&oacute;ria        significativas. </P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P align="center">ABSTRACT</P>     <P>The main objective of the present research is        to study the effects of the type of instruction/goal on the processes of        memory and recall. Two groups of 6 year old children were interviewed. The        task consisted in presenting to the children a list of words that they had        to memorize. Children were divided in two groups: the experimental group        received an instruction that was meaningful, functional and practical, while        the control group received an instruction without meaningful purpose. Results        revealed significant differences between the two groups. The experimental        group memorized more words than the control group. This research suggests        the importance of a meaningful purpose to both memory and recall activity. </P>     <P><I>Key words</I>: Memory performance, children,        goals, instructions, meaningful memory tasks. </P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P>Texto completo dispon&iacute;vel apenas em PDF.</P>     <p>Full text only available in PDF format.</p>     <p>&nbsp;</p>     <P align="center">REFER&Ecirc;NCIAS BIBLIOGR&Aacute;FICAS</P>     <!-- ref --><P>Bauer, P. J., & Dow, G. A. (1994). Episodic memory in 16-and-20-month-old          children: Specifics are generalize but not forgotten. <I>Developmental          Psychology, 30</I>, 403-417. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000021&pid=S0870-8231199900010000500001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><P>Bauer, P. J., & Wewerka, S. S. (1995). One-to two-years-olds&rsquo; recall of          events: The more expressed, the more impressed. <I>Journal of Experimental          Child Psychology, 59</I>, 475-496. </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>Fivush, R., & Mandler, J. M. (1985). Developmental changes in the understanding          of temporal sequence. <I>Child Development, 56</I>, 1437-1446. </P>     <P>Hudson, J. A., & Fivush, R. (1990). What young children remember and why. In          R. Fivush, & J. A. Hudson (Eds), <I>Knowing and remembering in young children</I>.          Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. </P>     <P>Liwag, M. D., & Stein, N. L. (1995). Children&rsquo;s memory for emotional events:          The importance of emotion-related retrieval cues. <I>Journal of Experimental          Child Psychology, 60</I>, 2-31. </P>     <P>Machado, R. (1997). <I>Influ&ecirc;ncias da estrutura e familiaridade dos acontecimentos          na complexidade cognitivo-lingu&iacute;stica dos relatos de crian&ccedil;as          em idade pr&eacute;-escolar</I>. Monografia de fim de curso em Psicologia          Educacional, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisboa. </P>     <P>Mandler, J. M. (1983). Representation. In J. H. Flavell, & E. M. Markman (Eds.),          <I>Handbook of child psychology </I>(Vol. 3: Cognitive Development). New          York: Wiley. </P>     <P>Matta, I. (1998). <I>Pratiques sociales et construction de categories conceptuelles          hierarchis&eacute;es</I>. Th&egrave;se pour le Doctorat en Lettres et          Sciences Humaines, Universit&eacute; de Provence, Aix-en-Provence. </P>     <P>Nelson, K. (1981). Social cognition in a script framework. In J. H. Flavell,          & L. Ross (Eds.), <I>Social cognitive development</I>. Cambridge: University          Press. </P>     <P>Nelson, K. (1990). Remembering, forgetting and childhood amnesia. In R. Fivush,          & J. A. Hudson (Eds.), <I>Knowing and remembering in young children</I>.          Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. </P>     <P>Newcombe, N., Drummey, A. B., & Lie, E. (1995). Children&rsquo;s memory for early          experience. <I>Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 59</I>, 337-342. </P>     <P>Ratner, H. H., & Schell, D. A. (1987). Changes in adults&rsquo; prase recall:          Aging or cognitive demands? <I>Developmental Psychology, 23</I>, 521-525.        </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>Rogoff, B., & Mistry, J. (1990). The social and functional context of children&rsquo;s          remembering. In R. Fivush, & J. A. Hudson (Eds.), <I>Knowing and remembering          in young children</I>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. </P>     <P>Salmon, K., Bidrose, S., & Pipe, M.-E. (1995). Providing props to facilitate          children&rsquo;s event reports: A comparison of toys and real items. <I>Journal          of Experimental Child Psychology, 60</I>, 174-194. </P>     <P>Vygotsky, L. S. (1989). A forma&ccedil;&atilde;o social da mente: O desenvolvimento          dos processos psicol&oacute;gicos superiores. S. Paulo: Livraria Martins          Fontes Editora. </P>      <P>Wadell, K. J., & Rogoff, B. (1981). Effect of contextual organization on spatial          memory of middle-aged and older women. <I>Developmental Psychology, 17</I>,          878-885. </P>     <P>Wadell, K. J., & Rogoff, B. (1987). Contextual organization and intentionality          in adults&rsquo; spatial memory. <I>Developmental Psychology, 23</I>,          514-520. </P>     <P>&nbsp;</P>     <P><a name="1"></a>(<a href="#TOP1">*</a>) Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada.    Membro da UIPCDE. Email: <a href="mailto:martag@ispa.pt">martag@ispa.pt </a></P>     <P><a name="2"></a>(<a href="#TOP2">**</a>) Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada.    Membro da UIPCDE. </P>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Episodic memory in 16-and-20-month-old children: Specifics are generalize but not forgotten]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Developmental Psychology]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>403-417</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
